Beauty Beyond the Golden Ratio: A Study of Perception Regarding Facial Proportions and Symmetry in the Turkish Population
Objective: The authors examined the effect of previously described facial proportions and facial asymmetry on the perception of beauty and attractiveness. The optimal values of four different facial ratios and the optimal degree of asymmetry were examined. Methods: In this study, 10 faces were adju...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Galenos Publishing House
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Gazi Medical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://gazimedj.com/articles/beauty-beyond-the-golden-ratio-a-study-of-perception-regarding-facial-proportions-and-symmetry-in-the-turkish-population/doi/gmj.2024.4131 |
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| _version_ | 1841543458608644096 |
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| author | Özlem Özgür Leo Can Mazlum Billur Sezgin Kızılok |
| author_facet | Özlem Özgür Leo Can Mazlum Billur Sezgin Kızılok |
| author_sort | Özlem Özgür |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: The authors examined the effect of previously described facial proportions and facial asymmetry on the perception of beauty and attractiveness. The optimal values of four different facial ratios and the optimal degree of asymmetry were examined.
Methods: In this study, 10 faces were adjusted to reference values and -5%, -2.5%, +2.5%, and +5% deformations were created. Participants were asked to select via online survey the most and least attractive face between 5 photographs of the same person with different facial ratio values. Finally, split-face imaging was used to generate right and left-symmetrical images. These images along with the original images were questioned to determine the most and least attractive.
Results: The most attractive face was closer to the reference ratio, whereas the least attractive face was most distant from the reference. Both left and right symmetrical faces were considered less attractive than natural asymmetrical faces.
Conclusion: Standardized “golden” ratios are effective reference points for the perception of facial attractiveness although deviation from these proportions does not always imply that a face will not be perceived as attractive, as some degree of asymmetry also contributes to facial attractiveness and beauty. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-53a0e64d073942f0bb748026cc9fc5be |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2147-2092 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Galenos Publishing House |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gazi Medical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-53a0e64d073942f0bb748026cc9fc5be2025-01-13T11:27:26ZengGalenos Publishing HouseGazi Medical Journal2147-20922025-01-01361242710.12996/gmj.2024.4131Beauty Beyond the Golden Ratio: A Study of Perception Regarding Facial Proportions and Symmetry in the Turkish PopulationÖzlem Özgür0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1629-0113Leo Can Mazlum1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9967-3189Billur Sezgin Kızılok2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-5214Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Koç University School of Medicine, İstanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Koç University School of Medicine, İstanbul, TürkiyeDepartment of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Koç University School of Medicine, İstanbul, TürkiyeObjective: The authors examined the effect of previously described facial proportions and facial asymmetry on the perception of beauty and attractiveness. The optimal values of four different facial ratios and the optimal degree of asymmetry were examined. Methods: In this study, 10 faces were adjusted to reference values and -5%, -2.5%, +2.5%, and +5% deformations were created. Participants were asked to select via online survey the most and least attractive face between 5 photographs of the same person with different facial ratio values. Finally, split-face imaging was used to generate right and left-symmetrical images. These images along with the original images were questioned to determine the most and least attractive. Results: The most attractive face was closer to the reference ratio, whereas the least attractive face was most distant from the reference. Both left and right symmetrical faces were considered less attractive than natural asymmetrical faces. Conclusion: Standardized “golden” ratios are effective reference points for the perception of facial attractiveness although deviation from these proportions does not always imply that a face will not be perceived as attractive, as some degree of asymmetry also contributes to facial attractiveness and beauty.https://gazimedj.com/articles/beauty-beyond-the-golden-ratio-a-study-of-perception-regarding-facial-proportions-and-symmetry-in-the-turkish-population/doi/gmj.2024.4131estheticsfaceratiosfacial asymmetrycosmetic surgeryplastic surgery |
| spellingShingle | Özlem Özgür Leo Can Mazlum Billur Sezgin Kızılok Beauty Beyond the Golden Ratio: A Study of Perception Regarding Facial Proportions and Symmetry in the Turkish Population Gazi Medical Journal esthetics face ratios facial asymmetry cosmetic surgery plastic surgery |
| title | Beauty Beyond the Golden Ratio: A Study of Perception Regarding Facial Proportions and Symmetry in the Turkish Population |
| title_full | Beauty Beyond the Golden Ratio: A Study of Perception Regarding Facial Proportions and Symmetry in the Turkish Population |
| title_fullStr | Beauty Beyond the Golden Ratio: A Study of Perception Regarding Facial Proportions and Symmetry in the Turkish Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beauty Beyond the Golden Ratio: A Study of Perception Regarding Facial Proportions and Symmetry in the Turkish Population |
| title_short | Beauty Beyond the Golden Ratio: A Study of Perception Regarding Facial Proportions and Symmetry in the Turkish Population |
| title_sort | beauty beyond the golden ratio a study of perception regarding facial proportions and symmetry in the turkish population |
| topic | esthetics face ratios facial asymmetry cosmetic surgery plastic surgery |
| url | https://gazimedj.com/articles/beauty-beyond-the-golden-ratio-a-study-of-perception-regarding-facial-proportions-and-symmetry-in-the-turkish-population/doi/gmj.2024.4131 |
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