Sustainable agricultural practices and their impact on ecological indicators: A case study of cherry production in Iran

Global environmental crises and resource depletion have severely impacted food security worldwide, necessitating a shift toward sustainable agricultural practices that balance productivity with environmental conservation. While numerous studies have evaluated energy use and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emis...

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Main Authors: Fatemeh Meftahi, Amir Azizpanah, Morteza Taki
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-12-01
Series:Sustainable Futures
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666188825007130
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author Fatemeh Meftahi
Amir Azizpanah
Morteza Taki
author_facet Fatemeh Meftahi
Amir Azizpanah
Morteza Taki
author_sort Fatemeh Meftahi
collection DOAJ
description Global environmental crises and resource depletion have severely impacted food security worldwide, necessitating a shift toward sustainable agricultural practices that balance productivity with environmental conservation. While numerous studies have evaluated energy use and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in major field crops, there remains a significant research gap in the context-specific analysis of fruit crops—particularly cherry production—where energy dynamics, emission profiles and economic viability are less understood, especially in semi-arid regions like Iran. This study addresses this gap by optimizing the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and energy sustainability for cherry production in Lavasan city, Tehran province, Iran. Data were collected from 30 cherry farmers through structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Energy use, GHG emissions, economic performance and sustainability indices were calculated and evaluated. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) under Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) models identified 16 and 17 efficient units, respectively. After optimization, total energy consumption decreased to 4,463.05 MJ ha-1, energy ratio improved from 1.7 to 2.1, and pure energy gain increased from 19,782.27 to 24,245.31 MJ ha-1. Diesel fuel and human labor consumption were reduced by 16.2% and 11.3%, respectively. GWP decreased significantly from 1,246.14 to 682.45 kg CO₂ ha-1, while carbon efficiency improved from 20.52 to 31.96. The sustainability index rose from 19.52 to 30.96. Economic analysis revealed a production cost of $5,580.58 ha⁻¹ and a gross product value of $26,948.06 ha-1, yielding a profit-cost ratio of 0.86.
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spelling doaj-art-4f28afcc1b3d4f81b3fd9bb220b5b6172025-08-20T03:46:47ZengElsevierSustainable Futures2666-18882025-12-011010114910.1016/j.sftr.2025.101149Sustainable agricultural practices and their impact on ecological indicators: A case study of cherry production in IranFatemeh Meftahi0Amir Azizpanah1Morteza Taki2Department of mechanics Biosystem, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, IranDepartment of mechanics Biosystem, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran; Corresponding authors.Department of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Rural Development, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran; Corresponding authors.Global environmental crises and resource depletion have severely impacted food security worldwide, necessitating a shift toward sustainable agricultural practices that balance productivity with environmental conservation. While numerous studies have evaluated energy use and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions in major field crops, there remains a significant research gap in the context-specific analysis of fruit crops—particularly cherry production—where energy dynamics, emission profiles and economic viability are less understood, especially in semi-arid regions like Iran. This study addresses this gap by optimizing the Global Warming Potential (GWP) and energy sustainability for cherry production in Lavasan city, Tehran province, Iran. Data were collected from 30 cherry farmers through structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews. Energy use, GHG emissions, economic performance and sustainability indices were calculated and evaluated. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) under Constant Return to Scale (CRS) and Variable Return to Scale (VRS) models identified 16 and 17 efficient units, respectively. After optimization, total energy consumption decreased to 4,463.05 MJ ha-1, energy ratio improved from 1.7 to 2.1, and pure energy gain increased from 19,782.27 to 24,245.31 MJ ha-1. Diesel fuel and human labor consumption were reduced by 16.2% and 11.3%, respectively. GWP decreased significantly from 1,246.14 to 682.45 kg CO₂ ha-1, while carbon efficiency improved from 20.52 to 31.96. The sustainability index rose from 19.52 to 30.96. Economic analysis revealed a production cost of $5,580.58 ha⁻¹ and a gross product value of $26,948.06 ha-1, yielding a profit-cost ratio of 0.86.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666188825007130Carbon efficiencyEnergy sustainabilityData envelopment analysis (DEA)Sustainability index
spellingShingle Fatemeh Meftahi
Amir Azizpanah
Morteza Taki
Sustainable agricultural practices and their impact on ecological indicators: A case study of cherry production in Iran
Sustainable Futures
Carbon efficiency
Energy sustainability
Data envelopment analysis (DEA)
Sustainability index
title Sustainable agricultural practices and their impact on ecological indicators: A case study of cherry production in Iran
title_full Sustainable agricultural practices and their impact on ecological indicators: A case study of cherry production in Iran
title_fullStr Sustainable agricultural practices and their impact on ecological indicators: A case study of cherry production in Iran
title_full_unstemmed Sustainable agricultural practices and their impact on ecological indicators: A case study of cherry production in Iran
title_short Sustainable agricultural practices and their impact on ecological indicators: A case study of cherry production in Iran
title_sort sustainable agricultural practices and their impact on ecological indicators a case study of cherry production in iran
topic Carbon efficiency
Energy sustainability
Data envelopment analysis (DEA)
Sustainability index
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666188825007130
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AT amirazizpanah sustainableagriculturalpracticesandtheirimpactonecologicalindicatorsacasestudyofcherryproductioniniran
AT mortezataki sustainableagriculturalpracticesandtheirimpactonecologicalindicatorsacasestudyofcherryproductioniniran