Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely distributed in foodstuffs. In Mexico, few studies have evaluated Cd content in foods. This study aimed to determine Cd concentrations in foodstuffs that are highly consumed and bought in Mexico City to identify foods exceeding the Maximum Level (ML) and to...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3649 |
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| author | Alejandra Cantoral Sonia Collado-López Larissa Betanzos-Robledo Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa Betzabeth A. García-Martínez Camilo Ríos Araceli Díaz-Ruiz Rosa María Mariscal-Moreno Martha María Téllez-Rojo |
| author_facet | Alejandra Cantoral Sonia Collado-López Larissa Betanzos-Robledo Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa Betzabeth A. García-Martínez Camilo Ríos Araceli Díaz-Ruiz Rosa María Mariscal-Moreno Martha María Téllez-Rojo |
| author_sort | Alejandra Cantoral |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely distributed in foodstuffs. In Mexico, few studies have evaluated Cd content in foods. This study aimed to determine Cd concentrations in foodstuffs that are highly consumed and bought in Mexico City to identify foods exceeding the Maximum Level (ML) and to assess the health risks of theoretical Cd intake from a diet following the Mexican Dietary Guidelines. A total of 143 foodstuffs were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Theoretical Cd intake was estimated in portions per week and compared with the Cd Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI = 2.5 μg/kg per body weight). A total of 68.5% of the foodstuffs had detectable Cd concentrations. Higher concentrations were found in oyster mushrooms (0.575 mg/kg), romaine lettuce (0.335 mg/kg), and cocoa powder (0.289 mg/kg). Food groups with higher mean concentrations were vegetables (0.084 mg/kg) and snacks, sweets, and desserts (0.049 mg/kg). Ancho chili and romaine lettuce exceed the ML. The theoretical Cd intake estimation was 1.80, 2.05, and 3.82 μg/kg per body weight for adults, adolescents, and school-age children, respectively. This theoretical Cd intake represents a health risk only for school children exceeding the TWI by 53.2%. Our study confirms the presence and risk of Cd in Mexican foodstuffs and highlights the importance of monitoring programs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-48136df3ac8046bc8e22f768e69af778 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-48136df3ac8046bc8e22f768e69af7782024-11-26T18:04:41ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-11-011322364910.3390/foods13223649Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in MexicoAlejandra Cantoral0Sonia Collado-López1Larissa Betanzos-Robledo2Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa3Betzabeth A. García-Martínez4Camilo Ríos5Araceli Díaz-Ruiz6Rosa María Mariscal-Moreno7Martha María Téllez-Rojo8Health Department, Iberoamericana University, Mexico City 01219, MexicoCenter for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, MexicoDoctoral Program in Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, MexicoDepartment of Perinatal Health, Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, MexicoService of Basic Neuroscience, National Institute of Rehabilitation, Mexico City 14389, MexicoResearch Direction, National Institute of Rehabilitation, Mexico City 14389, MexicoDepartment of Neurochemistry, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suárez, Mexico City 14269, MexicoHealth Department, Iberoamericana University, Mexico City 01219, MexicoCenter for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca 62100, MexicoCadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely distributed in foodstuffs. In Mexico, few studies have evaluated Cd content in foods. This study aimed to determine Cd concentrations in foodstuffs that are highly consumed and bought in Mexico City to identify foods exceeding the Maximum Level (ML) and to assess the health risks of theoretical Cd intake from a diet following the Mexican Dietary Guidelines. A total of 143 foodstuffs were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Theoretical Cd intake was estimated in portions per week and compared with the Cd Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI = 2.5 μg/kg per body weight). A total of 68.5% of the foodstuffs had detectable Cd concentrations. Higher concentrations were found in oyster mushrooms (0.575 mg/kg), romaine lettuce (0.335 mg/kg), and cocoa powder (0.289 mg/kg). Food groups with higher mean concentrations were vegetables (0.084 mg/kg) and snacks, sweets, and desserts (0.049 mg/kg). Ancho chili and romaine lettuce exceed the ML. The theoretical Cd intake estimation was 1.80, 2.05, and 3.82 μg/kg per body weight for adults, adolescents, and school-age children, respectively. This theoretical Cd intake represents a health risk only for school children exceeding the TWI by 53.2%. Our study confirms the presence and risk of Cd in Mexican foodstuffs and highlights the importance of monitoring programs.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3649cadmiumhealth risk assessmenttolerable weekly intakemonitoring studyfood contamination |
| spellingShingle | Alejandra Cantoral Sonia Collado-López Larissa Betanzos-Robledo Héctor Lamadrid-Figueroa Betzabeth A. García-Martínez Camilo Ríos Araceli Díaz-Ruiz Rosa María Mariscal-Moreno Martha María Téllez-Rojo Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico Foods cadmium health risk assessment tolerable weekly intake monitoring study food contamination |
| title | Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico |
| title_full | Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico |
| title_short | Dietary Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure Through Commonly Consumed Foodstuffs in Mexico |
| title_sort | dietary risk assessment of cadmium exposure through commonly consumed foodstuffs in mexico |
| topic | cadmium health risk assessment tolerable weekly intake monitoring study food contamination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3649 |
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