Evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neurons
The evolution of brain-expressed genes is notably slower than that of genes expressed in other tissues, a phenomenon likely due to high-level functional constraints. One such constraint might be the integration of information by neuron assemblies, enhancing environmental adaptability. This study exp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1525816/full |
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| author | Takashi Shibata Takashi Shibata Noriaki Hattori Hisao Nishijo Tsutomu Takahashi Tsutomu Takahashi Yuko Higuchi Yuko Higuchi Satoshi Kuroda Kaoru Takakusaki |
| author_facet | Takashi Shibata Takashi Shibata Noriaki Hattori Hisao Nishijo Tsutomu Takahashi Tsutomu Takahashi Yuko Higuchi Yuko Higuchi Satoshi Kuroda Kaoru Takakusaki |
| author_sort | Takashi Shibata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The evolution of brain-expressed genes is notably slower than that of genes expressed in other tissues, a phenomenon likely due to high-level functional constraints. One such constraint might be the integration of information by neuron assemblies, enhancing environmental adaptability. This study explores the physiological mechanisms of information integration in neurons through three types of synchronization: chemical, electromagnetic, and quantum. Chemical synchronization involves the diffuse release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and acetylcholine, causing transmission delays of several milliseconds. Electromagnetic synchronization encompasses action potentials, electrical gap junctions, and ephaptic coupling. Electrical gap junctions enable rapid synchronization within cortical GABAergic networks, while ephaptic coupling allows structures like axon bundles to synchronize through extracellular electromagnetic fields, surpassing the speed of chemical processes. Quantum synchronization is hypothesized to involve ion coherence during ion channel passage and the entanglement of photons within the myelin sheath. Unlike the finite-time synchronization seen in chemical and electromagnetic processes, quantum entanglement provides instantaneous non-local coherence states. Neurons might have evolved from slower chemical diffusion to rapid temporal synchronization, with ion passage through gap junctions within cortical GABAergic networks potentially facilitating both fast gamma band synchronization and quantum coherence. This mini-review compiles literature on these three synchronization types, offering new insights into the physiological mechanisms that address the binding problem in neuron assemblies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-44d9f05e835b446ba9498d2c7fe35d72 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1662-5102 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj-art-44d9f05e835b446ba9498d2c7fe35d722025-01-06T06:59:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience1662-51022025-01-011810.3389/fncel.2024.15258161525816Evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neuronsTakashi Shibata0Takashi Shibata1Noriaki Hattori2Hisao Nishijo3Tsutomu Takahashi4Tsutomu Takahashi5Yuko Higuchi6Yuko Higuchi7Satoshi Kuroda8Kaoru Takakusaki9Department of Neurosurgery, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Toyama Nishi General Hospital, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Rehabilitation, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, JapanFaculty of Human Sciences, University of East Asia, Yamaguchi, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanResearch Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanResearch Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, JapanDepartment of Neurosurgery, Toyama University Hospital, Toyama, JapanThe Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, JapanThe evolution of brain-expressed genes is notably slower than that of genes expressed in other tissues, a phenomenon likely due to high-level functional constraints. One such constraint might be the integration of information by neuron assemblies, enhancing environmental adaptability. This study explores the physiological mechanisms of information integration in neurons through three types of synchronization: chemical, electromagnetic, and quantum. Chemical synchronization involves the diffuse release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and acetylcholine, causing transmission delays of several milliseconds. Electromagnetic synchronization encompasses action potentials, electrical gap junctions, and ephaptic coupling. Electrical gap junctions enable rapid synchronization within cortical GABAergic networks, while ephaptic coupling allows structures like axon bundles to synchronize through extracellular electromagnetic fields, surpassing the speed of chemical processes. Quantum synchronization is hypothesized to involve ion coherence during ion channel passage and the entanglement of photons within the myelin sheath. Unlike the finite-time synchronization seen in chemical and electromagnetic processes, quantum entanglement provides instantaneous non-local coherence states. Neurons might have evolved from slower chemical diffusion to rapid temporal synchronization, with ion passage through gap junctions within cortical GABAergic networks potentially facilitating both fast gamma band synchronization and quantum coherence. This mini-review compiles literature on these three synchronization types, offering new insights into the physiological mechanisms that address the binding problem in neuron assemblies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1525816/fullsynchronizationneuron assembliesbinding problemmolecular evolutioninformation integrationGABAergic inhibitory interneurons |
| spellingShingle | Takashi Shibata Takashi Shibata Noriaki Hattori Hisao Nishijo Tsutomu Takahashi Tsutomu Takahashi Yuko Higuchi Yuko Higuchi Satoshi Kuroda Kaoru Takakusaki Evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neurons Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience synchronization neuron assemblies binding problem molecular evolution information integration GABAergic inhibitory interneurons |
| title | Evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neurons |
| title_full | Evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neurons |
| title_fullStr | Evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neurons |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neurons |
| title_short | Evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neurons |
| title_sort | evolutionary origins of synchronization for integrating information in neurons |
| topic | synchronization neuron assemblies binding problem molecular evolution information integration GABAergic inhibitory interneurons |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2024.1525816/full |
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