Antifungal activity of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid and inhibitory mechanisms on Geotrichum candidum from sour rot Xiaozhou mustard root tuber

Abstract Xiaozhou mustard (Brassica napiformis) root tuber, a traditional fermented vegetable, has a long history in Rongan County, Guangxi Province. However, the frequent occurrence of root tuber sour rot by Geotrichum candidum (G. candidum) has seriously reduced Xiaozhou mustard production and qua...

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Main Authors: Qingyun Mo, Zhihui Xiao, Keying Ou, Guo Yang, Fengjie Qiu, Tianrong Guo, Yiwei Mo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-10-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74211-z
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author Qingyun Mo
Zhihui Xiao
Keying Ou
Guo Yang
Fengjie Qiu
Tianrong Guo
Yiwei Mo
author_facet Qingyun Mo
Zhihui Xiao
Keying Ou
Guo Yang
Fengjie Qiu
Tianrong Guo
Yiwei Mo
author_sort Qingyun Mo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Xiaozhou mustard (Brassica napiformis) root tuber, a traditional fermented vegetable, has a long history in Rongan County, Guangxi Province. However, the frequent occurrence of root tuber sour rot by Geotrichum candidum (G. candidum) has seriously reduced Xiaozhou mustard production and quality in recent years. The objective of the present study is to investigate the antifungal efficacy of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid (Cl-F-BBA) against G. candidum and its possible mechanisms. The results revealed that a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL Cl-F-BBA completely halted mycelial growth and spore germination. Furthermore, a slightly lower concentration of 0.20 mg/mL was sufficient to compromise the integrity of the plasma membrane in mycelia and mitochondria, leading to a reduction in respiratory rate, activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), ATP content, and energy charge. This concentration also significantly disordered antioxidant metabolism, resulting in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and caused intracellular leakage in mycelia. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that Xiaozhou mustard root tubers treated with Cl-F-BBA exhibited markedly lower decay rates and lesion diameters compared to the control group. In summary, Cl-F-BBA presents a promising solution for controlling root tuber sour rot in Xiaozhou mustard caused by G. candidum.
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spelling doaj-art-44d2d16d32fd4efc8e36b473ff1de9c42024-12-08T12:28:05ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-10-0114111610.1038/s41598-024-74211-zAntifungal activity of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid and inhibitory mechanisms on Geotrichum candidum from sour rot Xiaozhou mustard root tuberQingyun Mo0Zhihui Xiao1Keying Ou2Guo Yang3Fengjie Qiu4Tianrong Guo5Yiwei Mo6School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing UniversitySchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing UniversitySchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing UniversitySchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing UniversitySchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing UniversitySchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing UniversitySchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shaoxing UniversityAbstract Xiaozhou mustard (Brassica napiformis) root tuber, a traditional fermented vegetable, has a long history in Rongan County, Guangxi Province. However, the frequent occurrence of root tuber sour rot by Geotrichum candidum (G. candidum) has seriously reduced Xiaozhou mustard production and quality in recent years. The objective of the present study is to investigate the antifungal efficacy of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid (Cl-F-BBA) against G. candidum and its possible mechanisms. The results revealed that a concentration of 0.25 mg/mL Cl-F-BBA completely halted mycelial growth and spore germination. Furthermore, a slightly lower concentration of 0.20 mg/mL was sufficient to compromise the integrity of the plasma membrane in mycelia and mitochondria, leading to a reduction in respiratory rate, activities of malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), ATP content, and energy charge. This concentration also significantly disordered antioxidant metabolism, resulting in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and caused intracellular leakage in mycelia. In vivo experiments further demonstrated that Xiaozhou mustard root tubers treated with Cl-F-BBA exhibited markedly lower decay rates and lesion diameters compared to the control group. In summary, Cl-F-BBA presents a promising solution for controlling root tuber sour rot in Xiaozhou mustard caused by G. candidum.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74211-zXiaozhou mustardRoot tuberGeotrichum candidumAntifungal efficacyEnergy charge2-Chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid
spellingShingle Qingyun Mo
Zhihui Xiao
Keying Ou
Guo Yang
Fengjie Qiu
Tianrong Guo
Yiwei Mo
Antifungal activity of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid and inhibitory mechanisms on Geotrichum candidum from sour rot Xiaozhou mustard root tuber
Scientific Reports
Xiaozhou mustard
Root tuber
Geotrichum candidum
Antifungal efficacy
Energy charge
2-Chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid
title Antifungal activity of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid and inhibitory mechanisms on Geotrichum candidum from sour rot Xiaozhou mustard root tuber
title_full Antifungal activity of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid and inhibitory mechanisms on Geotrichum candidum from sour rot Xiaozhou mustard root tuber
title_fullStr Antifungal activity of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid and inhibitory mechanisms on Geotrichum candidum from sour rot Xiaozhou mustard root tuber
title_full_unstemmed Antifungal activity of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid and inhibitory mechanisms on Geotrichum candidum from sour rot Xiaozhou mustard root tuber
title_short Antifungal activity of 2-chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid and inhibitory mechanisms on Geotrichum candidum from sour rot Xiaozhou mustard root tuber
title_sort antifungal activity of 2 chloro 5 trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid and inhibitory mechanisms on geotrichum candidum from sour rot xiaozhou mustard root tuber
topic Xiaozhou mustard
Root tuber
Geotrichum candidum
Antifungal efficacy
Energy charge
2-Chloro-5-trifluoromethoxybenzeneboronic acid
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74211-z
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