The relationship between income level and road traffic deaths: an empirical analysis for 22 OECD countries

Abstract Background The increase in transportation and travel demands leads to the development of social welfare, and on the other hand, it may adversely affect socio-economic indicators such as death, injury, air pollution and budget deficit. Every day, thousands of people are killed, injured, or d...

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Main Authors: Yuksel Bayraktar, Serdar Aydin, Mehmet Firat Olgun, Ayfer Ozyilmaz, Metin Toprak
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Public Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23726-9
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author Yuksel Bayraktar
Serdar Aydin
Mehmet Firat Olgun
Ayfer Ozyilmaz
Metin Toprak
author_facet Yuksel Bayraktar
Serdar Aydin
Mehmet Firat Olgun
Ayfer Ozyilmaz
Metin Toprak
author_sort Yuksel Bayraktar
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The increase in transportation and travel demands leads to the development of social welfare, and on the other hand, it may adversely affect socio-economic indicators such as death, injury, air pollution and budget deficit. Every day, thousands of people are killed, injured, or disabled due to road accidents around the world. The high cost of fatal and non-fatal road accidents to national economies is important in terms of policies to be implemented. This study aims to examine the relationship between road accidents and income levels in 22 OECD countries. Methods Poisson Regression, Negative Binomial, and Quantile Regression Fixed Effect were used in models estimation. In addition, the convergence of traffic accident deaths for 34 OECD countries was investigated. Fractional frequency unit root test with structural break was used for convergence analysis. Results The findings of the study show that there is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between road accident deaths and per capita income. In addition, while the increase in health expenditures reduces the number of deaths due to traffic accidents, the increase in alcohol consumption increases these deaths. The results obtained from the convergence analysis indicates that 21 OECD countries converge to the OECD average, but 13 countries do not converge. Conclusions Infrastructure investments for road safety such as traffic lights, curves, wide highways should be effectively implemented by the public. Pedestrians or drivers who put road safety at risk should be given deterrent penalties when necessary. In addition, public awareness should be increased regarding traffic rules and life safety. Trial registration Not applicable.
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issn 1471-2458
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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spelling doaj-art-42afc6638a2745e3a99d4d2bb12d093d2025-08-20T03:47:10ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-08-0125111310.1186/s12889-025-23726-9The relationship between income level and road traffic deaths: an empirical analysis for 22 OECD countriesYuksel Bayraktar0Serdar Aydin1Mehmet Firat Olgun2Ayfer Ozyilmaz3Metin Toprak4Department of Economics, Ankara UniversityRobinson College of Business, Georgia State UniversityTechnology Transfer Office, Kastamonu UniversityDepartment of Public Finance, Kırıkkale UniversityDepartment of Economics, Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim UniversityAbstract Background The increase in transportation and travel demands leads to the development of social welfare, and on the other hand, it may adversely affect socio-economic indicators such as death, injury, air pollution and budget deficit. Every day, thousands of people are killed, injured, or disabled due to road accidents around the world. The high cost of fatal and non-fatal road accidents to national economies is important in terms of policies to be implemented. This study aims to examine the relationship between road accidents and income levels in 22 OECD countries. Methods Poisson Regression, Negative Binomial, and Quantile Regression Fixed Effect were used in models estimation. In addition, the convergence of traffic accident deaths for 34 OECD countries was investigated. Fractional frequency unit root test with structural break was used for convergence analysis. Results The findings of the study show that there is an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship between road accident deaths and per capita income. In addition, while the increase in health expenditures reduces the number of deaths due to traffic accidents, the increase in alcohol consumption increases these deaths. The results obtained from the convergence analysis indicates that 21 OECD countries converge to the OECD average, but 13 countries do not converge. Conclusions Infrastructure investments for road safety such as traffic lights, curves, wide highways should be effectively implemented by the public. Pedestrians or drivers who put road safety at risk should be given deterrent penalties when necessary. In addition, public awareness should be increased regarding traffic rules and life safety. Trial registration Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23726-9Health economicsRoad safetyConvergenceIncomeRoad accident
spellingShingle Yuksel Bayraktar
Serdar Aydin
Mehmet Firat Olgun
Ayfer Ozyilmaz
Metin Toprak
The relationship between income level and road traffic deaths: an empirical analysis for 22 OECD countries
BMC Public Health
Health economics
Road safety
Convergence
Income
Road accident
title The relationship between income level and road traffic deaths: an empirical analysis for 22 OECD countries
title_full The relationship between income level and road traffic deaths: an empirical analysis for 22 OECD countries
title_fullStr The relationship between income level and road traffic deaths: an empirical analysis for 22 OECD countries
title_full_unstemmed The relationship between income level and road traffic deaths: an empirical analysis for 22 OECD countries
title_short The relationship between income level and road traffic deaths: an empirical analysis for 22 OECD countries
title_sort relationship between income level and road traffic deaths an empirical analysis for 22 oecd countries
topic Health economics
Road safety
Convergence
Income
Road accident
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-23726-9
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