Klebsiella pneumoniae in stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) of Central California between 2017-2022
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, and non-motile bacillus frequently observed in mammals. A hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype of K. pneumoniae is reported in stranded California sea lions (CSL) causing pleuritis and bronchopneumonia as a persistent cause of strandings....
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1484944/full |
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| author | Sydney N. Zotto Robin C. Dunkin Juliana D. Limon Maia S. Smith Lisabet M. Hortensius Margaret E. Martinez Pádraig J. Duignan Cara Field Esteban Soto Dane Whitaker Carlos Rios Maurice Byukusenge Bhushan Jayarao Suresh V. Kuchipudi Amy C. Kinsley |
| author_facet | Sydney N. Zotto Robin C. Dunkin Juliana D. Limon Maia S. Smith Lisabet M. Hortensius Margaret E. Martinez Pádraig J. Duignan Cara Field Esteban Soto Dane Whitaker Carlos Rios Maurice Byukusenge Bhushan Jayarao Suresh V. Kuchipudi Amy C. Kinsley |
| author_sort | Sydney N. Zotto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, and non-motile bacillus frequently observed in mammals. A hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype of K. pneumoniae is reported in stranded California sea lions (CSL) causing pleuritis and bronchopneumonia as a persistent cause of strandings. We describe an increase in cases of HMV and non-HMV K. pneumoniae in stranded CSLs along the California coast between 2017 to 2022. 2,146 live-stranded CSLs were rescued by The Marine Mammal Center (Sausalito, California). 47 of these tested positive for K. pneumoniae, with a rise in annual incidence from 0.92% (3/331) in 2017 to 8.5% (14/165) and 7.2% (23/320) in 2021 and 2022, respectively. These strandings occurred across 965 kilometers along the North-Central California coast from Bodega Bay, Sonoma, to Avila Beach, San Luis Obispo. A similar pattern was observed in beach-cast CSL carcasses by the Long Marine Laboratory (LML) Stranding Network in Santa Cruz, California who had 8 CSLs test positive for K. pneumoniae with an annual incidence rate of 2.0% (1/50) and 10.1% (7/69) in 2021 and 2022, respectively, with no cases reported prior to 2021. We applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to 8 isolates obtained by LML in 2022. WGS analysis revealed high nucleotide similarity between any pair of isolates. Multilocus Sequence Typing showed that all isolates belonged to Sequence type 65 and contained the K2 polysaccharide capsule and siderophore aerobactin, which are all characteristics of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae. We discuss possible causes for this trend and a need for research on K. pneumoniae in free-ranging CSLs in California. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-42646b0ca5ef436db1bcca237375d49a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-42646b0ca5ef436db1bcca237375d49a2025-01-16T05:10:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-01-011110.3389/fmars.2024.14849441484944Klebsiella pneumoniae in stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) of Central California between 2017-2022Sydney N. Zotto0Robin C. Dunkin1Juliana D. Limon2Maia S. Smith3Lisabet M. Hortensius4Margaret E. Martinez5Pádraig J. Duignan6Cara Field7Esteban Soto8Dane Whitaker9Carlos Rios10Maurice Byukusenge11Bhushan Jayarao12Suresh V. Kuchipudi13Amy C. Kinsley14Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United StatesLong Marine Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United StatesLong Marine Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United StatesLong Marine Laboratory, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United StatesThe Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA, United StatesThe Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA, United StatesThe Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA, United StatesThe Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA, United StatesDepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesDepartment of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United StatesThe Marine Mammal Center, Sausalito, CA, United StatesAnimal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United StatesAnimal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United StatesDepartment of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United StatesKlebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, and non-motile bacillus frequently observed in mammals. A hypermucoviscous (HMV) phenotype of K. pneumoniae is reported in stranded California sea lions (CSL) causing pleuritis and bronchopneumonia as a persistent cause of strandings. We describe an increase in cases of HMV and non-HMV K. pneumoniae in stranded CSLs along the California coast between 2017 to 2022. 2,146 live-stranded CSLs were rescued by The Marine Mammal Center (Sausalito, California). 47 of these tested positive for K. pneumoniae, with a rise in annual incidence from 0.92% (3/331) in 2017 to 8.5% (14/165) and 7.2% (23/320) in 2021 and 2022, respectively. These strandings occurred across 965 kilometers along the North-Central California coast from Bodega Bay, Sonoma, to Avila Beach, San Luis Obispo. A similar pattern was observed in beach-cast CSL carcasses by the Long Marine Laboratory (LML) Stranding Network in Santa Cruz, California who had 8 CSLs test positive for K. pneumoniae with an annual incidence rate of 2.0% (1/50) and 10.1% (7/69) in 2021 and 2022, respectively, with no cases reported prior to 2021. We applied whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to 8 isolates obtained by LML in 2022. WGS analysis revealed high nucleotide similarity between any pair of isolates. Multilocus Sequence Typing showed that all isolates belonged to Sequence type 65 and contained the K2 polysaccharide capsule and siderophore aerobactin, which are all characteristics of hypervirulent K. pneumoniae. We discuss possible causes for this trend and a need for research on K. pneumoniae in free-ranging CSLs in California.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1484944/fullCalifornia sea lion (Zalophus californianus)Klebsiella pneumoniaehypermucoviscositywhole-genome sequencing (WGS)Central California Coast |
| spellingShingle | Sydney N. Zotto Robin C. Dunkin Juliana D. Limon Maia S. Smith Lisabet M. Hortensius Margaret E. Martinez Pádraig J. Duignan Cara Field Esteban Soto Dane Whitaker Carlos Rios Maurice Byukusenge Bhushan Jayarao Suresh V. Kuchipudi Amy C. Kinsley Klebsiella pneumoniae in stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) of Central California between 2017-2022 Frontiers in Marine Science California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) Klebsiella pneumoniae hypermucoviscosity whole-genome sequencing (WGS) Central California Coast |
| title | Klebsiella pneumoniae in stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) of Central California between 2017-2022 |
| title_full | Klebsiella pneumoniae in stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) of Central California between 2017-2022 |
| title_fullStr | Klebsiella pneumoniae in stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) of Central California between 2017-2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Klebsiella pneumoniae in stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) of Central California between 2017-2022 |
| title_short | Klebsiella pneumoniae in stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) of Central California between 2017-2022 |
| title_sort | klebsiella pneumoniae in stranded california sea lions zalophus californianus of central california between 2017 2022 |
| topic | California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) Klebsiella pneumoniae hypermucoviscosity whole-genome sequencing (WGS) Central California Coast |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1484944/full |
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