A Universal Strategy of Anti‐Tumor mRNA Vaccine by Harnessing “Off‐the‐Shelf” Immunity

Abstract Personalized neoantigen cancer mRNA vaccines are promising candidates for precision medicine. However, the difficulty of identifying neoantigens heavily hinders their broad applicability. This study developed a universal strategy of anti‐tumor mRNA vaccine by harnessing “off‐the‐shelf” immu...

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Main Authors: Jiayan Fu, Shuangqi Wu, Nengcheng Bao, Lili Wu, Huiru Qu, Zhechao Wang, Haiyang Dong, Jian Wu, Yongfeng Jin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-02-01
Series:Advanced Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202401287
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author Jiayan Fu
Shuangqi Wu
Nengcheng Bao
Lili Wu
Huiru Qu
Zhechao Wang
Haiyang Dong
Jian Wu
Yongfeng Jin
author_facet Jiayan Fu
Shuangqi Wu
Nengcheng Bao
Lili Wu
Huiru Qu
Zhechao Wang
Haiyang Dong
Jian Wu
Yongfeng Jin
author_sort Jiayan Fu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Personalized neoantigen cancer mRNA vaccines are promising candidates for precision medicine. However, the difficulty of identifying neoantigens heavily hinders their broad applicability. This study developed a universal strategy of anti‐tumor mRNA vaccine by harnessing “off‐the‐shelf” immunity to known antigens. First, the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) is used for mRNA vaccine design. In vitro test indicated that this mRNA vaccine reprogrammed tumor cells that can be recognized and killed by OVA‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In situ mRNA vaccine notably inhibited tumor growth across three subcutaneous solid tumor models in mice. Further single‐cell sequencing analyses revealed that mRNA vaccination act to reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) toward more proinflammatory characteristics. Strikingly, this framework of mRNA‐based strategy can be applied to two clinical pathogen antigens, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and SARS‐CoV‐2 spike receptor‐binding domain (SRBD). Interestingly, the mRNA‐based strategy largely recapitulated the scenario of spontaneous cancer regression following pathogen infection or vaccination. Collectively, this study provides not only proof of concept for universal anti‐tumor mRNA therapy, but also mechanistic insights in echoing the long‐standing puzzle of spontaneous cancer regression.
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issn 2198-3844
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spelling doaj-art-3f9ca093ff6e4d6fb6c41b2b82d1e9032025-08-20T03:49:36ZengWileyAdvanced Science2198-38442025-02-01128n/an/a10.1002/advs.202401287A Universal Strategy of Anti‐Tumor mRNA Vaccine by Harnessing “Off‐the‐Shelf” ImmunityJiayan Fu0Shuangqi Wu1Nengcheng Bao2Lili Wu3Huiru Qu4Zhechao Wang5Haiyang Dong6Jian Wu7Yongfeng Jin8National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310006 ChinaNational Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 ChinaAbstract Personalized neoantigen cancer mRNA vaccines are promising candidates for precision medicine. However, the difficulty of identifying neoantigens heavily hinders their broad applicability. This study developed a universal strategy of anti‐tumor mRNA vaccine by harnessing “off‐the‐shelf” immunity to known antigens. First, the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) is used for mRNA vaccine design. In vitro test indicated that this mRNA vaccine reprogrammed tumor cells that can be recognized and killed by OVA‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). In situ mRNA vaccine notably inhibited tumor growth across three subcutaneous solid tumor models in mice. Further single‐cell sequencing analyses revealed that mRNA vaccination act to reshape the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) toward more proinflammatory characteristics. Strikingly, this framework of mRNA‐based strategy can be applied to two clinical pathogen antigens, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and SARS‐CoV‐2 spike receptor‐binding domain (SRBD). Interestingly, the mRNA‐based strategy largely recapitulated the scenario of spontaneous cancer regression following pathogen infection or vaccination. Collectively, this study provides not only proof of concept for universal anti‐tumor mRNA therapy, but also mechanistic insights in echoing the long‐standing puzzle of spontaneous cancer regression.https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202401287anti‐tumormRNA vaccineproof of conceptspontaneous cancer regressionuniversal strategy
spellingShingle Jiayan Fu
Shuangqi Wu
Nengcheng Bao
Lili Wu
Huiru Qu
Zhechao Wang
Haiyang Dong
Jian Wu
Yongfeng Jin
A Universal Strategy of Anti‐Tumor mRNA Vaccine by Harnessing “Off‐the‐Shelf” Immunity
Advanced Science
anti‐tumor
mRNA vaccine
proof of concept
spontaneous cancer regression
universal strategy
title A Universal Strategy of Anti‐Tumor mRNA Vaccine by Harnessing “Off‐the‐Shelf” Immunity
title_full A Universal Strategy of Anti‐Tumor mRNA Vaccine by Harnessing “Off‐the‐Shelf” Immunity
title_fullStr A Universal Strategy of Anti‐Tumor mRNA Vaccine by Harnessing “Off‐the‐Shelf” Immunity
title_full_unstemmed A Universal Strategy of Anti‐Tumor mRNA Vaccine by Harnessing “Off‐the‐Shelf” Immunity
title_short A Universal Strategy of Anti‐Tumor mRNA Vaccine by Harnessing “Off‐the‐Shelf” Immunity
title_sort universal strategy of anti tumor mrna vaccine by harnessing off the shelf immunity
topic anti‐tumor
mRNA vaccine
proof of concept
spontaneous cancer regression
universal strategy
url https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.202401287
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