A One Health Approach Metagenomic Study on Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Canine Saliva

<b>Background:</b> According to the One Health concept, the physical proximity between pets and their owners facilitates the interspecies spread of bacteria including those that may harbor numerous antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). <b>Methods:</b> A shotgun sequencing me...

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Main Authors: Adrienn Gréta Tóth, Darinka Lilla Tóth, Laura Remport, Imre Tóth, Tibor Németh, Attila Dubecz, Árpád V. Patai, Zsombor Wagenhoffer, László Makrai, Norbert Solymosi
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/433
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author Adrienn Gréta Tóth
Darinka Lilla Tóth
Laura Remport
Imre Tóth
Tibor Németh
Attila Dubecz
Árpád V. Patai
Zsombor Wagenhoffer
László Makrai
Norbert Solymosi
author_facet Adrienn Gréta Tóth
Darinka Lilla Tóth
Laura Remport
Imre Tóth
Tibor Németh
Attila Dubecz
Árpád V. Patai
Zsombor Wagenhoffer
László Makrai
Norbert Solymosi
author_sort Adrienn Gréta Tóth
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> According to the One Health concept, the physical proximity between pets and their owners facilitates the interspecies spread of bacteria including those that may harbor numerous antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). <b>Methods:</b> A shotgun sequencing metagenomic data-based bacteriome and resistome study of 1830 canine saliva samples was conducted considering the subsets of ARGs with higher public health risk, ESKAPE pathogen relatedness (<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterobacter species</i>), and survey results on the physical and behavioral characteristics of the participating dogs. <b>Results:</b> A total of 318 ARG types achieved sufficiently high detection rates. These ARGs can affect 31 antibiotic drug classes through various resistance mechanisms. ARGs against tetracyclines, cephalosporins, and, interestingly, peptides appeared in the highest number of samples. Other Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIAs, WHO), such as aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, or macrolides, were among the drug classes most frequently affected by ARGs of higher public health risk and ESKAPE pathogen-related ARGs of higher public health risk. Several characteristics, including coat color, sterilization status, size, activity, or aggressiveness, were associated with statistically significant differences in ARG occurrence rates (<i>p</i> < 0.0500). <b>Conclusions:</b> Although the oral microbiome of pet owners is unknown, the One Health and public health implications of the close human–pet bonds and the factors potentially underlying the increase in salivary ARG numbers should be considered, particularly in light of the presence of ARGs affecting critically important drugs for human medicine.
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series Antibiotics
spelling doaj-art-3de0b2d561bf4a8e8a1b96e91a91092b2025-08-20T03:47:52ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822025-04-0114543310.3390/antibiotics14050433A One Health Approach Metagenomic Study on Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Canine SalivaAdrienn Gréta Tóth0Darinka Lilla Tóth1Laura Remport2Imre Tóth3Tibor Németh4Attila Dubecz5Árpád V. Patai6Zsombor Wagenhoffer7László Makrai8Norbert Solymosi9Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, HungarySchool of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasglow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UKOnlyVet Veterinary Referral Center, 69800 Saint-Priest, FranceDepartment of Operative Tecniques and Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryDepartment and Clinic of Surgery and Ophthalmology, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, HungaryDepartment of Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, GermanyDivision of Interventional Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Transplantation and Gastroenterology, Semmelweis University, 1082 Budapest, HungaryInstitute for Animal Breeding, Nutrition and Laboratory Animal Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, HungaryAutovakcina Ltd., 1171 Budapest, HungaryCentre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1078 Budapest, Hungary<b>Background:</b> According to the One Health concept, the physical proximity between pets and their owners facilitates the interspecies spread of bacteria including those that may harbor numerous antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). <b>Methods:</b> A shotgun sequencing metagenomic data-based bacteriome and resistome study of 1830 canine saliva samples was conducted considering the subsets of ARGs with higher public health risk, ESKAPE pathogen relatedness (<i>Enterococcus faecium</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and <i>Enterobacter species</i>), and survey results on the physical and behavioral characteristics of the participating dogs. <b>Results:</b> A total of 318 ARG types achieved sufficiently high detection rates. These ARGs can affect 31 antibiotic drug classes through various resistance mechanisms. ARGs against tetracyclines, cephalosporins, and, interestingly, peptides appeared in the highest number of samples. Other Critically Important Antimicrobials (CIAs, WHO), such as aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, or macrolides, were among the drug classes most frequently affected by ARGs of higher public health risk and ESKAPE pathogen-related ARGs of higher public health risk. Several characteristics, including coat color, sterilization status, size, activity, or aggressiveness, were associated with statistically significant differences in ARG occurrence rates (<i>p</i> < 0.0500). <b>Conclusions:</b> Although the oral microbiome of pet owners is unknown, the One Health and public health implications of the close human–pet bonds and the factors potentially underlying the increase in salivary ARG numbers should be considered, particularly in light of the presence of ARGs affecting critically important drugs for human medicine.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/433antimicrobial resistancebacteriomeresistomemobilomedog saliva
spellingShingle Adrienn Gréta Tóth
Darinka Lilla Tóth
Laura Remport
Imre Tóth
Tibor Németh
Attila Dubecz
Árpád V. Patai
Zsombor Wagenhoffer
László Makrai
Norbert Solymosi
A One Health Approach Metagenomic Study on Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Canine Saliva
Antibiotics
antimicrobial resistance
bacteriome
resistome
mobilome
dog saliva
title A One Health Approach Metagenomic Study on Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Canine Saliva
title_full A One Health Approach Metagenomic Study on Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Canine Saliva
title_fullStr A One Health Approach Metagenomic Study on Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Canine Saliva
title_full_unstemmed A One Health Approach Metagenomic Study on Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Canine Saliva
title_short A One Health Approach Metagenomic Study on Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Canine Saliva
title_sort one health approach metagenomic study on antimicrobial resistance traits of canine saliva
topic antimicrobial resistance
bacteriome
resistome
mobilome
dog saliva
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/14/5/433
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