Considerations in assessing blood glucose in mice: coping with interferences of intraperitoneal injection, noise, fasting, housing and blood sampling
Abstract Background Blood glucose levels can fluctuate for many reasons. This study is to discuss conditions in assessing blood glucose in C57BL/6J mice, providing references to help increase the success of blood glucose testing in mouse experiments. Methods Animals were fed common chow or high-fat...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Bulletin of the National Research Centre |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01287-y |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841559874513666048 |
|---|---|
| author | Si-Li Zheng Xue-Lian Wang Pin Wang Jin Chen Chao-Yu Miao |
| author_facet | Si-Li Zheng Xue-Lian Wang Pin Wang Jin Chen Chao-Yu Miao |
| author_sort | Si-Li Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Blood glucose levels can fluctuate for many reasons. This study is to discuss conditions in assessing blood glucose in C57BL/6J mice, providing references to help increase the success of blood glucose testing in mouse experiments. Methods Animals were fed common chow or high-fat diet, without fasting or with a fasting duration of 6 h in the daytime or overnight before the test. During the test, animals were awake or under good anesthesia induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of sodium pentobarbital, interfered by a record of construction noise or not, in grouped cages or individual cages. Blood glucose measurements by glucose meters and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were performed. Results Both IP injection and noise independently raised blood glucose levels in conscious mice, while neither of these two interferences affected blood glucose levels in mice under good anesthesia. In an ITT, a fasting of 6 h in the daytime worked well, while an overnight fasting was at higher risk of hypoglycemia. During conscious ITT, animals housed in isolated cages were more likely to have smoothly decreased levels of blood glucose with a lower minimal value as compared to those in social cages. Blood glucose tested during different stages of blood sampling varied greatly, where values of blood collected by inferior vena cava puncture were significantly higher than those of tail-tip blood, and values of serum samples after immediate centrifugation of blood were the highest, followed by those of serum samples underwent a common clotting process of 2 h. Conclusions Interferences of IP injection and noise can be reduced by anesthesia. 6-h fasting in the daytime is suitable for mouse ITT. Single housing works better than group housing during serial measurements of blood glucose in conscious mice. Tail-tip blood rather than serum or blood from sampling processes with big surgery invasion is recommended for blood glucose testing. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3d04b59b8ffc4a95aaf5a8c7a546d76e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2522-8307 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulletin of the National Research Centre |
| spelling | doaj-art-3d04b59b8ffc4a95aaf5a8c7a546d76e2025-01-05T12:07:56ZengSpringerOpenBulletin of the National Research Centre2522-83072024-12-0148111210.1186/s42269-024-01287-yConsiderations in assessing blood glucose in mice: coping with interferences of intraperitoneal injection, noise, fasting, housing and blood samplingSi-Li Zheng0Xue-Lian Wang1Pin Wang2Jin Chen3Chao-Yu Miao4Department of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversitySchool of Medicine, Shanghai UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityDepartment of Pharmacology, Second Military Medical University/Naval Medical UniversityAbstract Background Blood glucose levels can fluctuate for many reasons. This study is to discuss conditions in assessing blood glucose in C57BL/6J mice, providing references to help increase the success of blood glucose testing in mouse experiments. Methods Animals were fed common chow or high-fat diet, without fasting or with a fasting duration of 6 h in the daytime or overnight before the test. During the test, animals were awake or under good anesthesia induced by intraperitoneal (IP) injection of sodium pentobarbital, interfered by a record of construction noise or not, in grouped cages or individual cages. Blood glucose measurements by glucose meters and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) were performed. Results Both IP injection and noise independently raised blood glucose levels in conscious mice, while neither of these two interferences affected blood glucose levels in mice under good anesthesia. In an ITT, a fasting of 6 h in the daytime worked well, while an overnight fasting was at higher risk of hypoglycemia. During conscious ITT, animals housed in isolated cages were more likely to have smoothly decreased levels of blood glucose with a lower minimal value as compared to those in social cages. Blood glucose tested during different stages of blood sampling varied greatly, where values of blood collected by inferior vena cava puncture were significantly higher than those of tail-tip blood, and values of serum samples after immediate centrifugation of blood were the highest, followed by those of serum samples underwent a common clotting process of 2 h. Conclusions Interferences of IP injection and noise can be reduced by anesthesia. 6-h fasting in the daytime is suitable for mouse ITT. Single housing works better than group housing during serial measurements of blood glucose in conscious mice. Tail-tip blood rather than serum or blood from sampling processes with big surgery invasion is recommended for blood glucose testing.https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01287-yBlood glucoseIntraperitoneal injectionConsciousnessNoiseFastingHousing |
| spellingShingle | Si-Li Zheng Xue-Lian Wang Pin Wang Jin Chen Chao-Yu Miao Considerations in assessing blood glucose in mice: coping with interferences of intraperitoneal injection, noise, fasting, housing and blood sampling Bulletin of the National Research Centre Blood glucose Intraperitoneal injection Consciousness Noise Fasting Housing |
| title | Considerations in assessing blood glucose in mice: coping with interferences of intraperitoneal injection, noise, fasting, housing and blood sampling |
| title_full | Considerations in assessing blood glucose in mice: coping with interferences of intraperitoneal injection, noise, fasting, housing and blood sampling |
| title_fullStr | Considerations in assessing blood glucose in mice: coping with interferences of intraperitoneal injection, noise, fasting, housing and blood sampling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Considerations in assessing blood glucose in mice: coping with interferences of intraperitoneal injection, noise, fasting, housing and blood sampling |
| title_short | Considerations in assessing blood glucose in mice: coping with interferences of intraperitoneal injection, noise, fasting, housing and blood sampling |
| title_sort | considerations in assessing blood glucose in mice coping with interferences of intraperitoneal injection noise fasting housing and blood sampling |
| topic | Blood glucose Intraperitoneal injection Consciousness Noise Fasting Housing |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-024-01287-y |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT silizheng considerationsinassessingbloodglucoseinmicecopingwithinterferencesofintraperitonealinjectionnoisefastinghousingandbloodsampling AT xuelianwang considerationsinassessingbloodglucoseinmicecopingwithinterferencesofintraperitonealinjectionnoisefastinghousingandbloodsampling AT pinwang considerationsinassessingbloodglucoseinmicecopingwithinterferencesofintraperitonealinjectionnoisefastinghousingandbloodsampling AT jinchen considerationsinassessingbloodglucoseinmicecopingwithinterferencesofintraperitonealinjectionnoisefastinghousingandbloodsampling AT chaoyumiao considerationsinassessingbloodglucoseinmicecopingwithinterferencesofintraperitonealinjectionnoisefastinghousingandbloodsampling |