Spectrum of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Background and objectives: Thyroid disorders (TD) are common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Information on types of functional and structural TDs among Bangladeshi patients with T2DM is scarce in the literature. The present study aimed to determine the magnitude and characteris...
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Ibrahim Medical College
2025-01-01
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| author | Md Rakibul Hasan Raisa Siddika Sayma Akther Mou Md Shahed Morshed |
| author_facet | Md Rakibul Hasan Raisa Siddika Sayma Akther Mou Md Shahed Morshed |
| author_sort | Md Rakibul Hasan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background and objectives: Thyroid disorders (TD) are common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Information on types of functional and structural TDs among Bangladeshi patients with T2DM is scarce in the literature. The present study aimed to determine the magnitude and characteristics of different TDs among Bangladeshi diabetic patients attending an urban healthcare center in Dhaka.
Material and methods: The study included patients with T2DM who attended an urban Endocrinology Outpatient consultation center in Dhaka over a period of two years. Diagnosis of TDs was based either on previous medical records or on investigational results of thyroid functions/gland during the first visit. Standard criteria were used to diagnose TDs.
Results: Total 1424 patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the study population was 48.8 ± 12.9 years and 45.2% and 54.8% were male and female respectively. Among 1424 participants 217 (15.2%) had functional and/or structural abnormalities of thyroid gland. For those with abnormal thyroid function (14.3%), the most common was clinical hypothyroidism (10.5%), followed by subclinical hypothyroidism (2.6%), and clinical thyrotoxicosis (1.3%). Except for one, all patients with overt hypothyroidism had primary hypothyroidism. Among patients with overt thyrotoxicosis, Graves’ disease was the most common entity (50%). Multinodular goiter was the most frequent diagnosis among structural abnormalities (7 out of 13). Female sex (OR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.5, 6.1, p=0.003) and obesity (OR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.1, 5.0, p=0.039) had higher odds of having a diagnosis of overt hypothyroidism among patients with T2DM. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic patients with overt hypothyroidism.
Conclusion: TDs especially hypothyroidism are common among female Bangladeshi patients with T2DM. Dyslipidemia and obesity are significantly more in overt hypothyroidism among patients with T2DM.
January 2025; Vol. 19(1):008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.19.008
*Correspondence: Md Rakibul Hasan, Department of Endocrinology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh. Email: dr.mrh46@gmail.com;
© 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC BY 4.0). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3cad5d6b1fc84f539627b779b103ea98 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2519-1721 2519-1586 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Ibrahim Medical College |
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| series | IMC Journal of Medical Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-3cad5d6b1fc84f539627b779b103ea982025-01-13T15:43:51ZengIbrahim Medical CollegeIMC Journal of Medical Science2519-17212519-15862025-01-011911710.55010/imcjms.19.008Spectrum of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus Md Rakibul Hasan0Raisa Siddika1Sayma Akther Mou2Md Shahed Morshed3Department of Endocrinology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Medicine, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Medicine, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka, BangladeshDepartment of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, BangladeshBackground and objectives: Thyroid disorders (TD) are common among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Information on types of functional and structural TDs among Bangladeshi patients with T2DM is scarce in the literature. The present study aimed to determine the magnitude and characteristics of different TDs among Bangladeshi diabetic patients attending an urban healthcare center in Dhaka. Material and methods: The study included patients with T2DM who attended an urban Endocrinology Outpatient consultation center in Dhaka over a period of two years. Diagnosis of TDs was based either on previous medical records or on investigational results of thyroid functions/gland during the first visit. Standard criteria were used to diagnose TDs. Results: Total 1424 patients with T2DM were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the study population was 48.8 ± 12.9 years and 45.2% and 54.8% were male and female respectively. Among 1424 participants 217 (15.2%) had functional and/or structural abnormalities of thyroid gland. For those with abnormal thyroid function (14.3%), the most common was clinical hypothyroidism (10.5%), followed by subclinical hypothyroidism (2.6%), and clinical thyrotoxicosis (1.3%). Except for one, all patients with overt hypothyroidism had primary hypothyroidism. Among patients with overt thyrotoxicosis, Graves’ disease was the most common entity (50%). Multinodular goiter was the most frequent diagnosis among structural abnormalities (7 out of 13). Female sex (OR: 3.0, 95%CI: 1.5, 6.1, p=0.003) and obesity (OR: 2.3, 95%CI: 1.1, 5.0, p=0.039) had higher odds of having a diagnosis of overt hypothyroidism among patients with T2DM. Hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in diabetic patients with overt hypothyroidism. Conclusion: TDs especially hypothyroidism are common among female Bangladeshi patients with T2DM. Dyslipidemia and obesity are significantly more in overt hypothyroidism among patients with T2DM. January 2025; Vol. 19(1):008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55010/imcjms.19.008 *Correspondence: Md Rakibul Hasan, Department of Endocrinology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Uttara, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh. Email: dr.mrh46@gmail.com; © 2025 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC BY 4.0).https://www.imcjms.com/registration/journal_full_text/556thyroid disordersdiabetes mellitustype 2 |
| spellingShingle | Md Rakibul Hasan Raisa Siddika Sayma Akther Mou Md Shahed Morshed Spectrum of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus IMC Journal of Medical Science thyroid disorders diabetes mellitus type 2 |
| title | Spectrum of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_full | Spectrum of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_fullStr | Spectrum of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spectrum of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_short | Spectrum of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| title_sort | spectrum of thyroid disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus |
| topic | thyroid disorders diabetes mellitus type 2 |
| url | https://www.imcjms.com/registration/journal_full_text/556 |
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