Evaluation of non-papillary access on the 3D-printed renal collecting system model in fluoroscopic supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a pilot study
Abstract Objective Fluoroscopic access techniques may not reliably differentiate between papillary and non-papillary renal access during percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL), potentially leading to misinterpretations that could increase complication risks. This pilot study aimed to evaluate whether a...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Urology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12894-025-01856-x |
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