<i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium</i> Combined Extracts Cause Immunomodulatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats
<i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium,</i> which belong to the Asteraceae family, are widely used plants in traditional medicine. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor effects are well known. However, there are no data on...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Maria Vlasheva Mariana Katsarova Ilin Kandilarov Hristina Zlatanova-Tenisheva Petya Gardjeva Petko Denev Nora Sadakova Viktor Filipov Ilia Kostadinov Stela Dimitrova |
| author_facet | Maria Vlasheva Mariana Katsarova Ilin Kandilarov Hristina Zlatanova-Tenisheva Petya Gardjeva Petko Denev Nora Sadakova Viktor Filipov Ilia Kostadinov Stela Dimitrova |
| author_sort | Maria Vlasheva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium,</i> which belong to the Asteraceae family, are widely used plants in traditional medicine. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor effects are well known. However, there are no data on the effects of their combination. The aim of the present study was to combine <i>E. purpurea</i> with <i>O. acanthium</i> to study the in vivo immunomodulatory effect of two combinations and to compare it with that of single plants. Their total polyphenolic and flavonoid content and the amounts of individual compounds characteristic of both species were determined. The influence of the obtained extracts on the serum concentrations of cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 in experimental animals with lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammatory response was investigated. This research found that a combination of <i>E. purpurea</i>/<i>O. acanthium</i> in the ratio 1:1 reduced the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α (244.82 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (1327.92 pg/mL) compared to the LPS-control, respectively, (574.17 pg/mL) and (3354.00 pg/mL), and the combination <i>E. purpurea</i>/<i>O. acanthium</i> in the ratio of 3:1 significantly increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (1313.95 pg/mL) compared to the LPS-control (760.09 pg/mL). In conclusion, our results could be a basis for future biomedical research on creating phytopreparations with an immunomodulatory effect. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3bd99a9c1f1c4f36b9350c9c1d83ef3f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-3bd99a9c1f1c4f36b9350c9c1d83ef3f2024-12-13T16:30:15ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011323339710.3390/plants13233397<i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium</i> Combined Extracts Cause Immunomodulatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged RatsMaria Vlasheva0Mariana Katsarova1Ilin Kandilarov2Hristina Zlatanova-Tenisheva3Petya Gardjeva4Petko Denev5Nora Sadakova6Viktor Filipov7Ilia Kostadinov8Stela Dimitrova9Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaLaboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaClinic of Neurology, St. Panteleimon Hospital Plovdiv, 9 Nicola Vaptsarov Blvd., 4004 Plovdiv, BulgariaFaculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vasil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Plovdiv, 15A Vassil Aprilov Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria<i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium,</i> which belong to the Asteraceae family, are widely used plants in traditional medicine. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor effects are well known. However, there are no data on the effects of their combination. The aim of the present study was to combine <i>E. purpurea</i> with <i>O. acanthium</i> to study the in vivo immunomodulatory effect of two combinations and to compare it with that of single plants. Their total polyphenolic and flavonoid content and the amounts of individual compounds characteristic of both species were determined. The influence of the obtained extracts on the serum concentrations of cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 in experimental animals with lipopolysaccharide-induced systemic inflammatory response was investigated. This research found that a combination of <i>E. purpurea</i>/<i>O. acanthium</i> in the ratio 1:1 reduced the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α (244.82 pg/mL) and IFN-γ (1327.92 pg/mL) compared to the LPS-control, respectively, (574.17 pg/mL) and (3354.00 pg/mL), and the combination <i>E. purpurea</i>/<i>O. acanthium</i> in the ratio of 3:1 significantly increased the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (1313.95 pg/mL) compared to the LPS-control (760.09 pg/mL). In conclusion, our results could be a basis for future biomedical research on creating phytopreparations with an immunomodulatory effect.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/23/3397polyphenolscombined extractsTNF-αIFN-γIL-10 |
| spellingShingle | Maria Vlasheva Mariana Katsarova Ilin Kandilarov Hristina Zlatanova-Tenisheva Petya Gardjeva Petko Denev Nora Sadakova Viktor Filipov Ilia Kostadinov Stela Dimitrova <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium</i> Combined Extracts Cause Immunomodulatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats Plants polyphenols combined extracts TNF-α IFN-γ IL-10 |
| title | <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium</i> Combined Extracts Cause Immunomodulatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats |
| title_full | <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium</i> Combined Extracts Cause Immunomodulatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats |
| title_fullStr | <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium</i> Combined Extracts Cause Immunomodulatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium</i> Combined Extracts Cause Immunomodulatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats |
| title_short | <i>Echinacea purpurea</i> and <i>Onopordum acanthium</i> Combined Extracts Cause Immunomodulatory Effects in Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Rats |
| title_sort | i echinacea purpurea i and i onopordum acanthium i combined extracts cause immunomodulatory effects in lipopolysaccharide challenged rats |
| topic | polyphenols combined extracts TNF-α IFN-γ IL-10 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/23/3397 |
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