Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV compared with a matched HIV-negative cohort: A test-negative design
Objectives: We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection among a statewide cohort of people with HIV (PWH) and compared the estimates with a matched cohort of people without HIV (PWoH) in South Carolina (SC), USA. Methods: A population-based cohort was retrieved from statewid...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224003862 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846117967147827200 |
|---|---|
| author | Xueying Yang Jiajia Zhang Ziang Liu Shujie Chen Sharon Weissman Gregory A. Poland Refilwe Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya Bankole Olatosi Xiaoming Li |
| author_facet | Xueying Yang Jiajia Zhang Ziang Liu Shujie Chen Sharon Weissman Gregory A. Poland Refilwe Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya Bankole Olatosi Xiaoming Li |
| author_sort | Xueying Yang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection among a statewide cohort of people with HIV (PWH) and compared the estimates with a matched cohort of people without HIV (PWoH) in South Carolina (SC), USA. Methods: A population-based cohort was retrieved from statewide electronic health records between January 2, 2021, and April 14, 2022, during which several variants were circulating in SC (i.e., Alpha, Delta, Omicron). We compared the odds of vaccination between test-positive cases and test-negative controls using logistic regression models for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes. The VE was derived as (1 − adjusted odds ratio) × 100%. Results: A total of 7279 test episodes in PWH and 72,790 matched test episodes in PWoH were included for analysis, representing 6561 unique PWH and 67,521 unique PWoH. The peak level of VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred 7-59 days after receipt of the second dose of vaccine (PWH: 61.20%; PWoH: 67.09%), followed by a waning protective effect 90-119 days after the second dose in both PWH (35.80%) and PWoH (47.57%), where PWH had a proportionally lower and declined faster VE. Regarding the VE against severe outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a relatively higher level of protection was maintained in both populations (complete primary series: PWH: 69.06%; PWoH: 60.63%). Conclusions: A complete primary series of COVID-19 vaccines offered significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes in both PWH and PWoH populations, although this wanes with time. However, the estimate of VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared lower in PWH than in PWoH and the degree of waning over time was relatively quicker in PWH. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3ba4f3e9e943461e8fcb3e3b0d375882 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1201-9712 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-3ba4f3e9e943461e8fcb3e3b0d3758822024-12-18T08:47:34ZengElsevierInternational Journal of Infectious Diseases1201-97122025-01-01150107310Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV compared with a matched HIV-negative cohort: A test-negative designXueying Yang0Jiajia Zhang1Ziang Liu2Shujie Chen3Sharon Weissman4Gregory A. Poland5Refilwe Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya6Bankole Olatosi7Xiaoming Li8Department of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Corresponding author.South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USASouth Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USASouth Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USASouth Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USAMayo Vaccine Research Group, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, USASouth African Medical Research Council/University of Johannesburg Pan African Centre for Epidemics Research (PACER) Extramural Unit, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USASouth Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USADepartment of Health Promotion, Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USA; South Carolina SmartState Center for Healthcare Quality, University of South Carolina, Columbia, USAObjectives: We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection among a statewide cohort of people with HIV (PWH) and compared the estimates with a matched cohort of people without HIV (PWoH) in South Carolina (SC), USA. Methods: A population-based cohort was retrieved from statewide electronic health records between January 2, 2021, and April 14, 2022, during which several variants were circulating in SC (i.e., Alpha, Delta, Omicron). We compared the odds of vaccination between test-positive cases and test-negative controls using logistic regression models for both SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 outcomes. The VE was derived as (1 − adjusted odds ratio) × 100%. Results: A total of 7279 test episodes in PWH and 72,790 matched test episodes in PWoH were included for analysis, representing 6561 unique PWH and 67,521 unique PWoH. The peak level of VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred 7-59 days after receipt of the second dose of vaccine (PWH: 61.20%; PWoH: 67.09%), followed by a waning protective effect 90-119 days after the second dose in both PWH (35.80%) and PWoH (47.57%), where PWH had a proportionally lower and declined faster VE. Regarding the VE against severe outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection, a relatively higher level of protection was maintained in both populations (complete primary series: PWH: 69.06%; PWoH: 60.63%). Conclusions: A complete primary series of COVID-19 vaccines offered significant protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe outcomes in both PWH and PWoH populations, although this wanes with time. However, the estimate of VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared lower in PWH than in PWoH and the degree of waning over time was relatively quicker in PWH.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224003862COVID-19SARS-CoV-2HIVVaccine effectivenessTest-negative design |
| spellingShingle | Xueying Yang Jiajia Zhang Ziang Liu Shujie Chen Sharon Weissman Gregory A. Poland Refilwe Nancy Phaswana-Mafuya Bankole Olatosi Xiaoming Li Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV compared with a matched HIV-negative cohort: A test-negative design International Journal of Infectious Diseases COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 HIV Vaccine effectiveness Test-negative design |
| title | Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV compared with a matched HIV-negative cohort: A test-negative design |
| title_full | Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV compared with a matched HIV-negative cohort: A test-negative design |
| title_fullStr | Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV compared with a matched HIV-negative cohort: A test-negative design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV compared with a matched HIV-negative cohort: A test-negative design |
| title_short | Real-world effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in people with HIV compared with a matched HIV-negative cohort: A test-negative design |
| title_sort | real world effectiveness of covid 19 vaccine in people with hiv compared with a matched hiv negative cohort a test negative design |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 HIV Vaccine effectiveness Test-negative design |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971224003862 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT xueyingyang realworldeffectivenessofcovid19vaccineinpeoplewithhivcomparedwithamatchedhivnegativecohortatestnegativedesign AT jiajiazhang realworldeffectivenessofcovid19vaccineinpeoplewithhivcomparedwithamatchedhivnegativecohortatestnegativedesign AT ziangliu realworldeffectivenessofcovid19vaccineinpeoplewithhivcomparedwithamatchedhivnegativecohortatestnegativedesign AT shujiechen realworldeffectivenessofcovid19vaccineinpeoplewithhivcomparedwithamatchedhivnegativecohortatestnegativedesign AT sharonweissman realworldeffectivenessofcovid19vaccineinpeoplewithhivcomparedwithamatchedhivnegativecohortatestnegativedesign AT gregoryapoland realworldeffectivenessofcovid19vaccineinpeoplewithhivcomparedwithamatchedhivnegativecohortatestnegativedesign AT refilwenancyphaswanamafuya realworldeffectivenessofcovid19vaccineinpeoplewithhivcomparedwithamatchedhivnegativecohortatestnegativedesign AT bankoleolatosi realworldeffectivenessofcovid19vaccineinpeoplewithhivcomparedwithamatchedhivnegativecohortatestnegativedesign AT xiaomingli realworldeffectivenessofcovid19vaccineinpeoplewithhivcomparedwithamatchedhivnegativecohortatestnegativedesign |