Pyroxsulam Resistance in <i>Apera spica-venti</i>: An Emerging Challenge in Crop Protection
<i>Apera spica-venti</i>, a prevalent weed in Czech winter wheat fields, has developed resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides due to their frequent use. This study reports a biotype of <i>A. spica-venti</i> resistant to pyroxsulam, with cross and multiple resistance to iodos...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/74 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1841549059059351552 |
|---|---|
| author | Soham Bhattacharya Madhab Kumar Sen Katerina Hamouzová Pavlína Košnarová Rohit Bharati Julio Menendez Josef Soukup |
| author_facet | Soham Bhattacharya Madhab Kumar Sen Katerina Hamouzová Pavlína Košnarová Rohit Bharati Julio Menendez Josef Soukup |
| author_sort | Soham Bhattacharya |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Apera spica-venti</i>, a prevalent weed in Czech winter wheat fields, has developed resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides due to their frequent use. This study reports a biotype of <i>A. spica-venti</i> resistant to pyroxsulam, with cross and multiple resistance to iodosulfuron, propoxycarbazone, pinoxaden, and chlortoluron. Dose–response experiments revealed high resistance of both R1 and R2 biotypes to pyroxsulam, with resistance factors (RF) of 6.69 and 141.65, respectively. Pre-treatment with malathion reduced RF by 2.40× and 1.25× in R1 and R2, indicating the potential involvement of cytochrome P450 (CytP450). NBD-Cl pre-treatment decreased RF only in R2, suggesting possible GST involvement. Gene analysis revealed no mutations (at previously reported sites) or overexpression in the acetolactate synthase (<i>ALS</i>) gene. However, a significant difference in ALS enzyme activity between resistant and susceptible biotypes points to target-site resistance mechanisms. Studies with <sup>14</sup>C-labeled pyroxsulam showed that reduced absorption and translocation were not likely resistance mechanisms. In summary, herbicide resistance in <i>A. spica-venti</i> appears to result from multiple mechanisms. Possible causes include target-site resistance from an unidentified <i>ALS</i> mutation (within coding or regulatory regions). Enhanced herbicide metabolism via CytP450s and GSTs is also a contributing factor. Further experimental validation is needed to confirm these mechanisms and fully understand the resistance. This evolution underscores the adaptive capacity of weed populations under herbicide pressure, emphasizing the need for alternative control strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-39c70a548290434ea8926a04a7b032c3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-39c70a548290434ea8926a04a7b032c32025-01-10T13:19:40ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472024-12-011417410.3390/plants14010074Pyroxsulam Resistance in <i>Apera spica-venti</i>: An Emerging Challenge in Crop ProtectionSoham Bhattacharya0Madhab Kumar Sen1Katerina Hamouzová2Pavlína Košnarová3Rohit Bharati4Julio Menendez5Josef Soukup6Department of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech RepublicPlant Virus and Vector Interactions, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech RepublicDepartamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Campus Universitario de La Rábida, 21071 Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, SpainDepartment of Agroecology and Crop Production, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic<i>Apera spica-venti</i>, a prevalent weed in Czech winter wheat fields, has developed resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides due to their frequent use. This study reports a biotype of <i>A. spica-venti</i> resistant to pyroxsulam, with cross and multiple resistance to iodosulfuron, propoxycarbazone, pinoxaden, and chlortoluron. Dose–response experiments revealed high resistance of both R1 and R2 biotypes to pyroxsulam, with resistance factors (RF) of 6.69 and 141.65, respectively. Pre-treatment with malathion reduced RF by 2.40× and 1.25× in R1 and R2, indicating the potential involvement of cytochrome P450 (CytP450). NBD-Cl pre-treatment decreased RF only in R2, suggesting possible GST involvement. Gene analysis revealed no mutations (at previously reported sites) or overexpression in the acetolactate synthase (<i>ALS</i>) gene. However, a significant difference in ALS enzyme activity between resistant and susceptible biotypes points to target-site resistance mechanisms. Studies with <sup>14</sup>C-labeled pyroxsulam showed that reduced absorption and translocation were not likely resistance mechanisms. In summary, herbicide resistance in <i>A. spica-venti</i> appears to result from multiple mechanisms. Possible causes include target-site resistance from an unidentified <i>ALS</i> mutation (within coding or regulatory regions). Enhanced herbicide metabolism via CytP450s and GSTs is also a contributing factor. Further experimental validation is needed to confirm these mechanisms and fully understand the resistance. This evolution underscores the adaptive capacity of weed populations under herbicide pressure, emphasizing the need for alternative control strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/74ALS-inhibiting herbicidecytochrome P450sGSTsnon-target-site resistanceselection pressure |
| spellingShingle | Soham Bhattacharya Madhab Kumar Sen Katerina Hamouzová Pavlína Košnarová Rohit Bharati Julio Menendez Josef Soukup Pyroxsulam Resistance in <i>Apera spica-venti</i>: An Emerging Challenge in Crop Protection Plants ALS-inhibiting herbicide cytochrome P450s GSTs non-target-site resistance selection pressure |
| title | Pyroxsulam Resistance in <i>Apera spica-venti</i>: An Emerging Challenge in Crop Protection |
| title_full | Pyroxsulam Resistance in <i>Apera spica-venti</i>: An Emerging Challenge in Crop Protection |
| title_fullStr | Pyroxsulam Resistance in <i>Apera spica-venti</i>: An Emerging Challenge in Crop Protection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pyroxsulam Resistance in <i>Apera spica-venti</i>: An Emerging Challenge in Crop Protection |
| title_short | Pyroxsulam Resistance in <i>Apera spica-venti</i>: An Emerging Challenge in Crop Protection |
| title_sort | pyroxsulam resistance in i apera spica venti i an emerging challenge in crop protection |
| topic | ALS-inhibiting herbicide cytochrome P450s GSTs non-target-site resistance selection pressure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/1/74 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sohambhattacharya pyroxsulamresistanceiniaperaspicaventiianemergingchallengeincropprotection AT madhabkumarsen pyroxsulamresistanceiniaperaspicaventiianemergingchallengeincropprotection AT katerinahamouzova pyroxsulamresistanceiniaperaspicaventiianemergingchallengeincropprotection AT pavlinakosnarova pyroxsulamresistanceiniaperaspicaventiianemergingchallengeincropprotection AT rohitbharati pyroxsulamresistanceiniaperaspicaventiianemergingchallengeincropprotection AT juliomenendez pyroxsulamresistanceiniaperaspicaventiianemergingchallengeincropprotection AT josefsoukup pyroxsulamresistanceiniaperaspicaventiianemergingchallengeincropprotection |