Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages and blocking PD-L1 via engineered outer membrane vesicles to enhance T cell infiltration and cytotoxic functions
Abstract The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) critically undermines the efficacy of T cell-based tumor immunotherapy by impeding CD8+ T cell infiltration and cytotoxic function, primarily through tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed dea...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-025-03507-7 |
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