Rainfall-induced wind erosion in soils stabilized with alkali-activated waste materials
This study evaluates the efficacy of sustainable erosion control using slag-based alkali-activated cement crusts under varying rainfall and wind conditions. The rainfall intensities ranged from 30 mm/h to 120 mm/h, with durations ranging from 15 min to 90 min, and crust slopes of ∼2° (gentle) and 30...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674775524003238 |
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| author | Alireza Komaei Abbas Soroush Seyed Mohammad Fattahi Hesam Ghanbari |
| author_facet | Alireza Komaei Abbas Soroush Seyed Mohammad Fattahi Hesam Ghanbari |
| author_sort | Alireza Komaei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluates the efficacy of sustainable erosion control using slag-based alkali-activated cement crusts under varying rainfall and wind conditions. The rainfall intensities ranged from 30 mm/h to 120 mm/h, with durations ranging from 15 min to 90 min, and crust slopes of ∼2° (gentle) and 30° (steep). Wind tunnel experiments were conducted at wind velocities of 14 m/s, 21 m/s, and 28 m/s to investigate post-rainfall wind erodibility, along with changes in crust strength and microstructure analysis. The findings show the development of hydrated cementitious phases in alkali-activated material, which form around and between the particles during the alkaline activation process. Alkali-activated cement crusts significantly reduced erosion caused by rainfall and subsequent wind by several orders of magnitude. At the highest rainfall intensity of 120 mm/h, rainfall erosion was measured to be 1654.81 kg/m2 for untreated samples and 0.89 kg/m2 for treated samples, demonstrating a substantial 99.95% reduction in erosion due to the treatment. Similarly, at the highest wind speed tested, wind erosion was 122.75 kg/m2 for untreated samples and 0.095 kg/m2 for treated samples, indicating a significant 99.92% reduction in erosion due to the formation of an alkali-activated cement crust on the soil surface. However, exposure of the samples to 120 mm/h rainfall for 90 min resulted in a 5.2-fold increase in wind erosion compared to pre-rainfall conditions. Similarly, penetrometer results indicated a 37%–54% reduction in post-rainfall surface strength. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-370724821121450bbb613845e9601457 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1674-7755 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-370724821121450bbb613845e96014572025-01-17T04:49:12ZengElsevierJournal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering1674-77552025-01-01171465480Rainfall-induced wind erosion in soils stabilized with alkali-activated waste materialsAlireza Komaei0Abbas Soroush1Seyed Mohammad Fattahi2Hesam Ghanbari3Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163431, IranCorresponding author.; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163431, IranDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163431, IranDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 159163431, IranThis study evaluates the efficacy of sustainable erosion control using slag-based alkali-activated cement crusts under varying rainfall and wind conditions. The rainfall intensities ranged from 30 mm/h to 120 mm/h, with durations ranging from 15 min to 90 min, and crust slopes of ∼2° (gentle) and 30° (steep). Wind tunnel experiments were conducted at wind velocities of 14 m/s, 21 m/s, and 28 m/s to investigate post-rainfall wind erodibility, along with changes in crust strength and microstructure analysis. The findings show the development of hydrated cementitious phases in alkali-activated material, which form around and between the particles during the alkaline activation process. Alkali-activated cement crusts significantly reduced erosion caused by rainfall and subsequent wind by several orders of magnitude. At the highest rainfall intensity of 120 mm/h, rainfall erosion was measured to be 1654.81 kg/m2 for untreated samples and 0.89 kg/m2 for treated samples, demonstrating a substantial 99.95% reduction in erosion due to the treatment. Similarly, at the highest wind speed tested, wind erosion was 122.75 kg/m2 for untreated samples and 0.095 kg/m2 for treated samples, indicating a significant 99.92% reduction in erosion due to the formation of an alkali-activated cement crust on the soil surface. However, exposure of the samples to 120 mm/h rainfall for 90 min resulted in a 5.2-fold increase in wind erosion compared to pre-rainfall conditions. Similarly, penetrometer results indicated a 37%–54% reduction in post-rainfall surface strength.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674775524003238Rainfall erosionAlkali-activated materialWind erosionCrust formation |
| spellingShingle | Alireza Komaei Abbas Soroush Seyed Mohammad Fattahi Hesam Ghanbari Rainfall-induced wind erosion in soils stabilized with alkali-activated waste materials Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering Rainfall erosion Alkali-activated material Wind erosion Crust formation |
| title | Rainfall-induced wind erosion in soils stabilized with alkali-activated waste materials |
| title_full | Rainfall-induced wind erosion in soils stabilized with alkali-activated waste materials |
| title_fullStr | Rainfall-induced wind erosion in soils stabilized with alkali-activated waste materials |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rainfall-induced wind erosion in soils stabilized with alkali-activated waste materials |
| title_short | Rainfall-induced wind erosion in soils stabilized with alkali-activated waste materials |
| title_sort | rainfall induced wind erosion in soils stabilized with alkali activated waste materials |
| topic | Rainfall erosion Alkali-activated material Wind erosion Crust formation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674775524003238 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alirezakomaei rainfallinducedwinderosioninsoilsstabilizedwithalkaliactivatedwastematerials AT abbassoroush rainfallinducedwinderosioninsoilsstabilizedwithalkaliactivatedwastematerials AT seyedmohammadfattahi rainfallinducedwinderosioninsoilsstabilizedwithalkaliactivatedwastematerials AT hesamghanbari rainfallinducedwinderosioninsoilsstabilizedwithalkaliactivatedwastematerials |