Development and validation of academic involution scale for college students
Abstract To develop a scale for assessing the involution among Chinese college students, and to test its reliability and validity within the context of higher education. The scale was developed based on in-depth interviews and existing competition scales. dataset 1 (n = 220) was utilized for explora...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04850-3 |
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