Kidney Toxicity of Drugs for the Heart: An Updated Perspective

Cardiovascular drugs are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various cardiac and vascular disorders. However, some of these drugs can also cause adverse effects on the kidney, leading to acute or chronic renal dysfunction, electrolyte imbalances, and increased mortality. The mechanisms o...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Carlo Caiati, Roberto Arrigoni, Alessandro Stanca, Mario Erminio Lepera
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Metabolites
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/3/191
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