The Consumption of Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Zebrafish Motion and Swimming Endurance by Protecting the Brain and Liver from Oxidative Stress Induced by 24 Weeks of Supplementation with High-Cholesterol and D-Galactose Diets: A Comparative Analysis Between BWA and Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>
The prolonged consumption of D-galactose (Gal) has been associated with severe damage in the liver and brain via exacerbation of oxidative stress, non-enzymatic glycation, and the aging process. The current study was initiated for a comparative assessment of beeswax alcohol (BWA, final 0.5% and 1.0%...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Kyung-Hyun Cho Yunki Lee Ashutosh Bahuguna Sang Hyuk Lee Chae-Eun Yang Ji-Eun Kim Hyo-Shin Kwon |
| author_facet | Kyung-Hyun Cho Yunki Lee Ashutosh Bahuguna Sang Hyuk Lee Chae-Eun Yang Ji-Eun Kim Hyo-Shin Kwon |
| author_sort | Kyung-Hyun Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prolonged consumption of D-galactose (Gal) has been associated with severe damage in the liver and brain via exacerbation of oxidative stress, non-enzymatic glycation, and the aging process. The current study was initiated for a comparative assessment of beeswax alcohol (BWA, final 0.5% and 1.0% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>, final 0.5% and 1.0% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) against high-cholesterol (HC, final 4%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and -galactose (Gal, final 30%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)-induced adverse events in zebrafish during 24 weeks of consumption. The survivability of zebrafish decreased to 82.1% due to HC+Gal exposure, but this was substantially improved (91.0%) with the consumption of 0.5% and 1.0% BWA. In contrast, no protective effect of CoQ<sub>10</sub> consumption (1.0%) was observed on the survivability of zebrafish. Nevertheless, both BWA and CoQ<sub>10</sub> displayed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) preventive effect against HC+Gal-induced body weight enhancement. The HC+Gal-induced cognitive changes, marked by staggered and confused swimming behavior, and retarded swimming speed and motion patterns (restricted to the bottom of the tank), were efficiently restored by BWA. A significantly higher residence time in the upper half of the tank, 3.1-and 4.5-fold reduced latency time along with 3.5-fold and 4.1-fold higher swimming distance, was logged in the 0.5% and 1.0% BWA groups, respectively, than the zebrafish that consumed HC+Gal. In addition, BWA effectively enhanced plasma ferric ion reduction (FRA) and paraoxonase (PON) activity and alleviated the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and blood glucose levels disrupted by the consumption of HC+Gal. Also, the HC+Gal-alleviated plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was 2.6-fold (<i>p</i> < 0.001) enhanced in the group that consumed 1.0% BWA, which was significantly 1.5-fold (<i>p</i> < 0.001) better than the effect of 1.0% CoQ<sub>10</sub>. Similarly, BWA displayed a superior impact over CoQ<sub>10</sub> to mitigate HC+Gal-induced plasma AST and ALT levels, hepatic IL-6 production, generation of oxidized species, cellular senescence, and fatty liver changes. Moreover, BWA protects the brain against HC+Gal-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and myelin sheath degeneration. Conclusively, compared to CoQ<sub>10</sub>, BWA efficiently can the HC+Gal-impaired brain and liver functionality to subside and improves the dyslipidemia and cognitive behavior of zebrafish. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c599f58c6324bff82f55f0636a7f8a8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c599f58c6324bff82f55f0636a7f8a82024-12-27T14:06:43ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-12-011312148810.3390/antiox13121488The Consumption of Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Zebrafish Motion and Swimming Endurance by Protecting the Brain and Liver from Oxidative Stress Induced by 24 Weeks of Supplementation with High-Cholesterol and D-Galactose Diets: A Comparative Analysis Between BWA and Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>Kyung-Hyun Cho0Yunki Lee1Ashutosh Bahuguna2Sang Hyuk Lee3Chae-Eun Yang4Ji-Eun Kim5Hyo-Shin Kwon6Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaThe prolonged consumption of D-galactose (Gal) has been associated with severe damage in the liver and brain via exacerbation of oxidative stress, non-enzymatic glycation, and the aging process. The current study was initiated for a comparative assessment of beeswax alcohol (BWA, final 0.5% and 1.0% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>, final 0.5% and 1.0% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) against high-cholesterol (HC, final 4%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>) and -galactose (Gal, final 30%, <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)-induced adverse events in zebrafish during 24 weeks of consumption. The survivability of zebrafish decreased to 82.1% due to HC+Gal exposure, but this was substantially improved (91.0%) with the consumption of 0.5% and 1.0% BWA. In contrast, no protective effect of CoQ<sub>10</sub> consumption (1.0%) was observed on the survivability of zebrafish. Nevertheless, both BWA and CoQ<sub>10</sub> displayed a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.001) preventive effect against HC+Gal-induced body weight enhancement. The HC+Gal-induced cognitive changes, marked by staggered and confused swimming behavior, and retarded swimming speed and motion patterns (restricted to the bottom of the tank), were efficiently restored by BWA. A significantly higher residence time in the upper half of the tank, 3.1-and 4.5-fold reduced latency time along with 3.5-fold and 4.1-fold higher swimming distance, was logged in the 0.5% and 1.0% BWA groups, respectively, than the zebrafish that consumed HC+Gal. In addition, BWA effectively enhanced plasma ferric ion reduction (FRA) and paraoxonase (PON) activity and alleviated the total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and blood glucose levels disrupted by the consumption of HC+Gal. Also, the HC+Gal-alleviated plasma high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) was 2.6-fold (<i>p</i> < 0.001) enhanced in the group that consumed 1.0% BWA, which was significantly 1.5-fold (<i>p</i> < 0.001) better than the effect of 1.0% CoQ<sub>10</sub>. Similarly, BWA displayed a superior impact over CoQ<sub>10</sub> to mitigate HC+Gal-induced plasma AST and ALT levels, hepatic IL-6 production, generation of oxidized species, cellular senescence, and fatty liver changes. Moreover, BWA protects the brain against HC+Gal-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and myelin sheath degeneration. Conclusively, compared to CoQ<sub>10</sub>, BWA efficiently can the HC+Gal-impaired brain and liver functionality to subside and improves the dyslipidemia and cognitive behavior of zebrafish.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1488beeswax alcohol (BWA)behavioral analysisbraincoenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>)D-galactosesenescence |
| spellingShingle | Kyung-Hyun Cho Yunki Lee Ashutosh Bahuguna Sang Hyuk Lee Chae-Eun Yang Ji-Eun Kim Hyo-Shin Kwon The Consumption of Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Zebrafish Motion and Swimming Endurance by Protecting the Brain and Liver from Oxidative Stress Induced by 24 Weeks of Supplementation with High-Cholesterol and D-Galactose Diets: A Comparative Analysis Between BWA and Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> Antioxidants beeswax alcohol (BWA) behavioral analysis brain coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>) D-galactose senescence |
| title | The Consumption of Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Zebrafish Motion and Swimming Endurance by Protecting the Brain and Liver from Oxidative Stress Induced by 24 Weeks of Supplementation with High-Cholesterol and D-Galactose Diets: A Comparative Analysis Between BWA and Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |
| title_full | The Consumption of Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Zebrafish Motion and Swimming Endurance by Protecting the Brain and Liver from Oxidative Stress Induced by 24 Weeks of Supplementation with High-Cholesterol and D-Galactose Diets: A Comparative Analysis Between BWA and Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |
| title_fullStr | The Consumption of Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Zebrafish Motion and Swimming Endurance by Protecting the Brain and Liver from Oxidative Stress Induced by 24 Weeks of Supplementation with High-Cholesterol and D-Galactose Diets: A Comparative Analysis Between BWA and Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Consumption of Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Zebrafish Motion and Swimming Endurance by Protecting the Brain and Liver from Oxidative Stress Induced by 24 Weeks of Supplementation with High-Cholesterol and D-Galactose Diets: A Comparative Analysis Between BWA and Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |
| title_short | The Consumption of Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Zebrafish Motion and Swimming Endurance by Protecting the Brain and Liver from Oxidative Stress Induced by 24 Weeks of Supplementation with High-Cholesterol and D-Galactose Diets: A Comparative Analysis Between BWA and Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |
| title_sort | consumption of beeswax alcohol bwa raydel sup r sup improved zebrafish motion and swimming endurance by protecting the brain and liver from oxidative stress induced by 24 weeks of supplementation with high cholesterol and d galactose diets a comparative analysis between bwa and coenzyme q sub 10 sub |
| topic | beeswax alcohol (BWA) behavioral analysis brain coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>) D-galactose senescence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1488 |
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