Personalized Microbiome Modulation to Improve Clinical Outcomes in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multi-Omics and Interventional Approach

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disorder influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbial factors, with emerging evidence highlighting the gut microbiome’s role in disease pathogenesis. This study investigates the impact of microbiome-targeted interventions in pediatric IBD by integ...

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Main Authors: Adrian Goldiș, Radu Dragomir, Marina Adriana Mercioni, Christian Goldiș, Diana Sirca, Ileana Enătescu, Laura Olariu, Oana Belei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/5/1047
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Summary:Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex disorder influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbial factors, with emerging evidence highlighting the gut microbiome’s role in disease pathogenesis. This study investigates the impact of microbiome-targeted interventions in pediatric IBD by integrating multi-omics analysis, including metagenomics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and clinical biomarkers, to identify microbial dysbiosis patterns and potential therapeutic targets. A cohort of pediatric IBD patients underwent a personalized intervention involving dietary modifications, probiotic supplementation, and selective antibiotic therapy. Microbiome composition, inflammatory markers (fecal calprotectin, CRP), and disease activity scores (PCDAI/PUCAI) were assessed before and after treatment. At the 3-month follow-up, patients showed significant clinical improvement, with reduced stool frequency (<i>p</i> = 0.004) and improved stool consistency (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Symptoms such as bloating and abdominal pain decreased, while energy levels increased (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Dietary changes included higher fruit, meat, and dairy intake, and lower fast-food and sweets consumption (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Physician assessments classified 90% as “improved”, reinforcing the effectiveness of personalized microbiome interventions. Microbiome-targeted interventions (diet, probiotics, and selective antibiotics) improved pediatric IBD outcomes by reducing pathogenic bacteria and increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing species, lowering inflammation and symptoms. Early-life factors (cesarean birth, and formula feeding) influence IBD risk. Personalized diets enhanced microbial balance. Integrating multi-omics supports precision medicine, offering microbiome-based biomarkers and reducing immunosuppressive reliance.
ISSN:2076-2607