RNA Modifications in Pathogenic Viruses: Existence, Mechanism, and Impacts

RNA modification is a key posttranscriptional process playing various biological roles, and one which has been reported to exist extensively in cellular RNAs. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that viral RNAs also contain a variety of RNA modifications, which are regulated dynamically by host...

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Main Authors: Yingying Zou, Zhoule Guo, Xing-Yi Ge, Ye Qiu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2373
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author Yingying Zou
Zhoule Guo
Xing-Yi Ge
Ye Qiu
author_facet Yingying Zou
Zhoule Guo
Xing-Yi Ge
Ye Qiu
author_sort Yingying Zou
collection DOAJ
description RNA modification is a key posttranscriptional process playing various biological roles, and one which has been reported to exist extensively in cellular RNAs. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that viral RNAs also contain a variety of RNA modifications, which are regulated dynamically by host modification machinery and play critical roles in different stages of the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize the reports of four typical modifications reported on viral RNAs, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), and N1-methyladenosine (m1A), describe the molecular mechanisms of these modification processes, and illustrate their impacts on viral replication, pathogenicity, and innate immune responses. Notably, we find that RNA modifications in different viruses share some common features and mechanisms in their generation, regulation, and function, highlighting the potential for viral RNA modifications and the related host machinery to serve as the targets or bases for the development of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Microorganisms
spelling doaj-art-21f8d7a7dce84d268fdd52c39c36c8ae2024-11-26T18:15:09ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-11-011211237310.3390/microorganisms12112373RNA Modifications in Pathogenic Viruses: Existence, Mechanism, and ImpactsYingying Zou0Zhoule Guo1Xing-Yi Ge2Ye Qiu3Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, ChinaHunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Virology, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410012, ChinaRNA modification is a key posttranscriptional process playing various biological roles, and one which has been reported to exist extensively in cellular RNAs. Interestingly, recent studies have shown that viral RNAs also contain a variety of RNA modifications, which are regulated dynamically by host modification machinery and play critical roles in different stages of the viral life cycle. In this review, we summarize the reports of four typical modifications reported on viral RNAs, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), and N1-methyladenosine (m1A), describe the molecular mechanisms of these modification processes, and illustrate their impacts on viral replication, pathogenicity, and innate immune responses. Notably, we find that RNA modifications in different viruses share some common features and mechanisms in their generation, regulation, and function, highlighting the potential for viral RNA modifications and the related host machinery to serve as the targets or bases for the development of antiviral therapeutics and vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2373RNA modificationviral RNAN6-methyladenosine5-methylcytosineN4-acetylcytosineN1-methyladenosine
spellingShingle Yingying Zou
Zhoule Guo
Xing-Yi Ge
Ye Qiu
RNA Modifications in Pathogenic Viruses: Existence, Mechanism, and Impacts
Microorganisms
RNA modification
viral RNA
N6-methyladenosine
5-methylcytosine
N4-acetylcytosine
N1-methyladenosine
title RNA Modifications in Pathogenic Viruses: Existence, Mechanism, and Impacts
title_full RNA Modifications in Pathogenic Viruses: Existence, Mechanism, and Impacts
title_fullStr RNA Modifications in Pathogenic Viruses: Existence, Mechanism, and Impacts
title_full_unstemmed RNA Modifications in Pathogenic Viruses: Existence, Mechanism, and Impacts
title_short RNA Modifications in Pathogenic Viruses: Existence, Mechanism, and Impacts
title_sort rna modifications in pathogenic viruses existence mechanism and impacts
topic RNA modification
viral RNA
N6-methyladenosine
5-methylcytosine
N4-acetylcytosine
N1-methyladenosine
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/11/2373
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