The longitudinal impact of low-dose morphine on diurnal cortisol profiles in people with chronic breathlessness and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): an exploratory study

Abstract Introduction Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis of which cortisol is an end product. ‘Allostatic load’ is where systems including the HPA axis are exposed to high, cumulative, physiologic burdens (such as chronic breathlessness) leading to flatter diurnal cortiso...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Diana H. Ferreira, Richella Ryan, Nina Smyth, Angela Clow, David C. Currow
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-04-01
Series:Respiratory Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12931-025-03230-9
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