Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident
During a nuclear accident, numerous products of nuclear fission are released, including isotopes of radioactive iodine. Among them is iodine-131, with a half-life of 8.02 days, which emits β radiation. For decades, it has been effectively and safely used in medicine. However, in the event of a nucle...
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| Language: | English |
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Sciendo
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Radiology and Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0051 |
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| author | Zaletel Katja Mihovec Anamarija Gaberscek Simona |
| author_facet | Zaletel Katja Mihovec Anamarija Gaberscek Simona |
| author_sort | Zaletel Katja |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During a nuclear accident, numerous products of nuclear fission are released, including isotopes of radioactive iodine. Among them is iodine-131, with a half-life of 8.02 days, which emits β radiation. For decades, it has been effectively and safely used in medicine. However, in the event of a nuclear accident, uncontrolled exposure can have harmful biological effects. The main sources of internal contamination with iodine-131 are contaminated air, food and water. The most exposed organ is the thyroid gland, where radioactive iodine accumulates via the Na+/I− symporter (NIS). NIS does not distinguish between radioactive iodine isotopes and the stable isotope iodine-127, which is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear accident is primarily associated with papillary thyroid cancer, whose incidence begins to increase a few years after exposure. Children and adolescents are at the highest risk, and the risk is particularly significant for individuals living in iodine-deficient areas. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f648ad780a2478d9b329cfb7a62705f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1581-3207 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Radiology and Oncology |
| spelling | doaj-art-1f648ad780a2478d9b329cfb7a62705f2025-01-07T07:56:43ZengSciendoRadiology and Oncology1581-32072024-10-0158445946810.2478/raon-2024-0051Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incidentZaletel Katja0Mihovec Anamarija1Gaberscek Simona2Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaFaculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDivision of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDuring a nuclear accident, numerous products of nuclear fission are released, including isotopes of radioactive iodine. Among them is iodine-131, with a half-life of 8.02 days, which emits β radiation. For decades, it has been effectively and safely used in medicine. However, in the event of a nuclear accident, uncontrolled exposure can have harmful biological effects. The main sources of internal contamination with iodine-131 are contaminated air, food and water. The most exposed organ is the thyroid gland, where radioactive iodine accumulates via the Na+/I− symporter (NIS). NIS does not distinguish between radioactive iodine isotopes and the stable isotope iodine-127, which is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear accident is primarily associated with papillary thyroid cancer, whose incidence begins to increase a few years after exposure. Children and adolescents are at the highest risk, and the risk is particularly significant for individuals living in iodine-deficient areas.https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0051thyroidradioactive iodinenuclear accidentthyroid cancerpotassium iodide |
| spellingShingle | Zaletel Katja Mihovec Anamarija Gaberscek Simona Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident Radiology and Oncology thyroid radioactive iodine nuclear accident thyroid cancer potassium iodide |
| title | Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident |
| title_full | Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident |
| title_short | Characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident |
| title_sort | characteristics of exposure to radioactive iodine during a nuclear incident |
| topic | thyroid radioactive iodine nuclear accident thyroid cancer potassium iodide |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0051 |
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