Structure Elucidation and Immunostimulatory Activity Evaluation of a Galactoglucan from <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance
<i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance has a medicinal history of thousands of years in treating cough, diabetes, and gastrointestinal system diseases, and it is also a medicine food homology (MFH) plant in China. To evaluate the pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from the rhizomes...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Zhou Xu Yanxia Xiong Pei Hu Long Chen Jianhua Wan Chenggang Huang Wenjun Liu |
| author_facet | Zhou Xu Yanxia Xiong Pei Hu Long Chen Jianhua Wan Chenggang Huang Wenjun Liu |
| author_sort | Zhou Xu |
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| description | <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance has a medicinal history of thousands of years in treating cough, diabetes, and gastrointestinal system diseases, and it is also a medicine food homology (MFH) plant in China. To evaluate the pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from the rhizomes of <i>A. officinarum</i>, polysaccharides were initially obtained by hot-water extraction and the ethanol precipitation method. A homogenous polysaccharide designated as AOP-w was isolated by a DE-52 column. The proposed structure was elucidated and the immunoregulatory effects on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were evaluated. The results showed that AOP-w had a molecular weight of 5.26 kDa, and mainly consisted of galactose and glucose (molar ratio of 0.12:0.88). Its backbone comprised α-(1→4)-Glc<i>p</i>, α-(1→4,6)-Glc<i>p</i> and β-(1→3,4)-Gal<i>p</i> residues, terminated by α-(1→6)-Glc<i>p</i> and T-Glc<i>p</i> residues. AOP-w was nontoxic to RAW 264.7 cells, but demonstrated promotion in cell proliferation within a 100 μg/mL concentration. The immunostimulatory effects of AOP-w were confirmed by the elevated NO production of AOP-w-treated cells. Moreover, the RNAseq was conducted and the results showed that AOP-w may activate the TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways by binding to Toll-like receptors, thereby affecting the immune modulatory activity of RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest a high potential of AOP-w from <i>A. officinarum</i> for immunotherapeutic applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-1f5c875aa5e2427bb47f1a3f723335d2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-1f5c875aa5e2427bb47f1a3f723335d22024-12-27T14:26:16ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-12-011324401910.3390/foods13244019Structure Elucidation and Immunostimulatory Activity Evaluation of a Galactoglucan from <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> HanceZhou Xu0Yanxia Xiong1Pei Hu2Long Chen3Jianhua Wan4Chenggang Huang5Wenjun Liu6Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaState Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, ChinaState Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, ChinaState Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, ChinaState Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, ChinaShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Hai Ke Road, Shanghai 201203, ChinaState Key Laboratory for the Modernization of Classical and Famous Prescriptions of Chinese Medicine, No.1899 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330103, China<i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance has a medicinal history of thousands of years in treating cough, diabetes, and gastrointestinal system diseases, and it is also a medicine food homology (MFH) plant in China. To evaluate the pharmacological activities of polysaccharides from the rhizomes of <i>A. officinarum</i>, polysaccharides were initially obtained by hot-water extraction and the ethanol precipitation method. A homogenous polysaccharide designated as AOP-w was isolated by a DE-52 column. The proposed structure was elucidated and the immunoregulatory effects on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were evaluated. The results showed that AOP-w had a molecular weight of 5.26 kDa, and mainly consisted of galactose and glucose (molar ratio of 0.12:0.88). Its backbone comprised α-(1→4)-Glc<i>p</i>, α-(1→4,6)-Glc<i>p</i> and β-(1→3,4)-Gal<i>p</i> residues, terminated by α-(1→6)-Glc<i>p</i> and T-Glc<i>p</i> residues. AOP-w was nontoxic to RAW 264.7 cells, but demonstrated promotion in cell proliferation within a 100 μg/mL concentration. The immunostimulatory effects of AOP-w were confirmed by the elevated NO production of AOP-w-treated cells. Moreover, the RNAseq was conducted and the results showed that AOP-w may activate the TNF and NF-κB signaling pathways by binding to Toll-like receptors, thereby affecting the immune modulatory activity of RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest a high potential of AOP-w from <i>A. officinarum</i> for immunotherapeutic applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4019<i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hancegalactoglucanimmunostimulatory activity |
| spellingShingle | Zhou Xu Yanxia Xiong Pei Hu Long Chen Jianhua Wan Chenggang Huang Wenjun Liu Structure Elucidation and Immunostimulatory Activity Evaluation of a Galactoglucan from <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance Foods <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance galactoglucan immunostimulatory activity |
| title | Structure Elucidation and Immunostimulatory Activity Evaluation of a Galactoglucan from <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance |
| title_full | Structure Elucidation and Immunostimulatory Activity Evaluation of a Galactoglucan from <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance |
| title_fullStr | Structure Elucidation and Immunostimulatory Activity Evaluation of a Galactoglucan from <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure Elucidation and Immunostimulatory Activity Evaluation of a Galactoglucan from <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance |
| title_short | Structure Elucidation and Immunostimulatory Activity Evaluation of a Galactoglucan from <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance |
| title_sort | structure elucidation and immunostimulatory activity evaluation of a galactoglucan from i alpinia officinarum i hance |
| topic | <i>Alpinia officinarum</i> Hance galactoglucan immunostimulatory activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/24/4019 |
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