Ribosomal protein L5 induces cellular senescence via p53-p21-pRb pathway to mediate relapse of acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract Cellular senescence plays a critical role in the relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the function of ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5) in mediating cellular senescence and its impact on AML relapse. In relaps...

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Main Authors: Wanqiu Zhang, Linlin Liu, Ruotong Chen, Haotian Yan, Qing Zhang, Xiyang Ren, Huiping Wang, Yi Dong, Wanying Xue, Zhimin Zhai, Qianshan Tao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12108-1
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author Wanqiu Zhang
Linlin Liu
Ruotong Chen
Haotian Yan
Qing Zhang
Xiyang Ren
Huiping Wang
Yi Dong
Wanying Xue
Zhimin Zhai
Qianshan Tao
author_facet Wanqiu Zhang
Linlin Liu
Ruotong Chen
Haotian Yan
Qing Zhang
Xiyang Ren
Huiping Wang
Yi Dong
Wanying Xue
Zhimin Zhai
Qianshan Tao
author_sort Wanqiu Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Cellular senescence plays a critical role in the relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the function of ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5) in mediating cellular senescence and its impact on AML relapse. In relapsed AML patients, the proportion of senescent cells and the expression of RPL5 were elevated, compared to patients at newly diagnosised or in complete remission, suggesting a potential link between RPL5 and AML relapse. Following chemotherapy induction, a cellular senescence model was constructed using KG-1 A cells, with RPL5 expression significantly elevated. Knockdown of RPL5 suppressed cellular senescence and enhanced apoptosis, possibly due to different regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation and senescence. Moreover, downregulation of RPL5 mitigated chemotherapy-induced senescence and improved the response of AML cells to chemotherapy drug. Mechanistically, RPL5 regulated cellular senescence via the p53-p21-pRb pathway and its downregulation led to a reduction in senescence-related protein expression levels. These findings suggest that RPL5 plays a critical role in mediating cellular senescence and chemotherapy response in AML, providing insights into novel therapeutic strategies for overcoming chemotherapy resistance and preventing disease relapse. Future studies may explore RPL5-targeted therapies and assess their clinical applicability in AML.
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spelling doaj-art-1e7e9e2e02014155b2dc9b4f70e94d6f2025-08-20T03:42:35ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-12108-1Ribosomal protein L5 induces cellular senescence via p53-p21-pRb pathway to mediate relapse of acute myeloid leukemiaWanqiu Zhang0Linlin Liu1Ruotong Chen2Haotian Yan3Qing Zhang4Xiyang Ren5Huiping Wang6Yi Dong7Wanying Xue8Zhimin Zhai9Qianshan Tao10Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Intensive Care Unit, Fuyang Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAbstract Cellular senescence plays a critical role in the relapse of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the function of ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5) in mediating cellular senescence and its impact on AML relapse. In relapsed AML patients, the proportion of senescent cells and the expression of RPL5 were elevated, compared to patients at newly diagnosised or in complete remission, suggesting a potential link between RPL5 and AML relapse. Following chemotherapy induction, a cellular senescence model was constructed using KG-1 A cells, with RPL5 expression significantly elevated. Knockdown of RPL5 suppressed cellular senescence and enhanced apoptosis, possibly due to different regulatory mechanisms for cell proliferation and senescence. Moreover, downregulation of RPL5 mitigated chemotherapy-induced senescence and improved the response of AML cells to chemotherapy drug. Mechanistically, RPL5 regulated cellular senescence via the p53-p21-pRb pathway and its downregulation led to a reduction in senescence-related protein expression levels. These findings suggest that RPL5 plays a critical role in mediating cellular senescence and chemotherapy response in AML, providing insights into novel therapeutic strategies for overcoming chemotherapy resistance and preventing disease relapse. Future studies may explore RPL5-targeted therapies and assess their clinical applicability in AML.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12108-1Acute myeloid leukemiaRelapseCellular senescenceRibosome stressRibosomal protein L5
spellingShingle Wanqiu Zhang
Linlin Liu
Ruotong Chen
Haotian Yan
Qing Zhang
Xiyang Ren
Huiping Wang
Yi Dong
Wanying Xue
Zhimin Zhai
Qianshan Tao
Ribosomal protein L5 induces cellular senescence via p53-p21-pRb pathway to mediate relapse of acute myeloid leukemia
Scientific Reports
Acute myeloid leukemia
Relapse
Cellular senescence
Ribosome stress
Ribosomal protein L5
title Ribosomal protein L5 induces cellular senescence via p53-p21-pRb pathway to mediate relapse of acute myeloid leukemia
title_full Ribosomal protein L5 induces cellular senescence via p53-p21-pRb pathway to mediate relapse of acute myeloid leukemia
title_fullStr Ribosomal protein L5 induces cellular senescence via p53-p21-pRb pathway to mediate relapse of acute myeloid leukemia
title_full_unstemmed Ribosomal protein L5 induces cellular senescence via p53-p21-pRb pathway to mediate relapse of acute myeloid leukemia
title_short Ribosomal protein L5 induces cellular senescence via p53-p21-pRb pathway to mediate relapse of acute myeloid leukemia
title_sort ribosomal protein l5 induces cellular senescence via p53 p21 prb pathway to mediate relapse of acute myeloid leukemia
topic Acute myeloid leukemia
Relapse
Cellular senescence
Ribosome stress
Ribosomal protein L5
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-12108-1
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