Estimating lung cancer risk from e-cigarettes and heated tobacco products: applications of a tool based on biomarkers of exposure and of potential harm

Abstract Background Reliable epidemiological data are limited on the lung cancer risk of groups using e-cigarettes (ECIGs) and groups using heated tobacco products (HTPs). Aim We describe a methodology to estimate the lung cancer risk of these groups according to their levels of biomarkers of exposu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Peter N. Lee, Katharine J. Coombs, John S. Fry
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Harm Reduction Journal
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-025-01188-x
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