Clinico immunological profile of immune-mediated disorders in South Indian children- A prospective observational study

Introduction: Immune-mediated diseases can affect any part of the body of genetically susceptible individuals. Few diseases predominantly affect a single organ, while others present with multisystemic manifestations. Methods: We collected data on the clinical, demographic, and immunological details...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jenish Rajma, Advaitha Ashwath, Subramanian Nallasivan, AC Arun, MS Rubini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1458_24
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849236057520865280
author Jenish Rajma
Advaitha Ashwath
Subramanian Nallasivan
AC Arun
MS Rubini
author_facet Jenish Rajma
Advaitha Ashwath
Subramanian Nallasivan
AC Arun
MS Rubini
author_sort Jenish Rajma
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Immune-mediated diseases can affect any part of the body of genetically susceptible individuals. Few diseases predominantly affect a single organ, while others present with multisystemic manifestations. Methods: We collected data on the clinical, demographic, and immunological details of children with immune-mediated diseases presenting over a period of three years from January 2020 to December 2022 retrospectively from the children enrolled in Pediatric immunology clinic of a tertiary care hospital in South India. Results: The prevalence of immune-mediated diseases among children visiting the hospital for various illnesses was 5 per 1000 children, and the percentage of positive autoantibodies in children with connective tissue disorders and single-organ autoimmune disorders was 41.3% and 40.7%, respectively. The most common connective tissue disorder in our study was juvenile idiopathic arthritis (21 patients), among which 9 / 21 (42.8%) were autoantibody positive. ANA was the most common antibody in both groups (47.5%). Only 3.4% had rheumatoid factor positivity in the connective tissue group. The most common single-organ autoimmune disorders in children are autoimmune thyroid disorders (25), followed by autoimmune hematological disorders (18), while autoantibodies were more common in patients with thyroid disorders (18 / 25) and autoimmune hepatitis (7 / 8). Conclusion: Early clinical suspicion and prompt diagnosis in children with prolonged illness or atypical presentation is essential to ensure remission and prevent complications, morbidity and mortality. Further research is needed to identify early biomarkers in immune-mediated pediatric disorders that will help to confirm the diagnosis and guide physicians to start immunosuppressive therapy at the right time.
format Article
id doaj-art-1ab10511d0ca4cf2bc4da7cbb73fcf80
institution Kabale University
issn 2249-4863
2278-7135
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
record_format Article
series Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
spelling doaj-art-1ab10511d0ca4cf2bc4da7cbb73fcf802025-08-20T04:02:28ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Family Medicine and Primary Care2249-48632278-71352025-07-011472672267910.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1458_24Clinico immunological profile of immune-mediated disorders in South Indian children- A prospective observational studyJenish RajmaAdvaitha AshwathSubramanian NallasivanAC ArunMS RubiniIntroduction: Immune-mediated diseases can affect any part of the body of genetically susceptible individuals. Few diseases predominantly affect a single organ, while others present with multisystemic manifestations. Methods: We collected data on the clinical, demographic, and immunological details of children with immune-mediated diseases presenting over a period of three years from January 2020 to December 2022 retrospectively from the children enrolled in Pediatric immunology clinic of a tertiary care hospital in South India. Results: The prevalence of immune-mediated diseases among children visiting the hospital for various illnesses was 5 per 1000 children, and the percentage of positive autoantibodies in children with connective tissue disorders and single-organ autoimmune disorders was 41.3% and 40.7%, respectively. The most common connective tissue disorder in our study was juvenile idiopathic arthritis (21 patients), among which 9 / 21 (42.8%) were autoantibody positive. ANA was the most common antibody in both groups (47.5%). Only 3.4% had rheumatoid factor positivity in the connective tissue group. The most common single-organ autoimmune disorders in children are autoimmune thyroid disorders (25), followed by autoimmune hematological disorders (18), while autoantibodies were more common in patients with thyroid disorders (18 / 25) and autoimmune hepatitis (7 / 8). Conclusion: Early clinical suspicion and prompt diagnosis in children with prolonged illness or atypical presentation is essential to ensure remission and prevent complications, morbidity and mortality. Further research is needed to identify early biomarkers in immune-mediated pediatric disorders that will help to confirm the diagnosis and guide physicians to start immunosuppressive therapy at the right time.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1458_24antinuclear antibodyautoimmune diseaseclinical immunologyconnective tissue disorderspediatric rheumatology
spellingShingle Jenish Rajma
Advaitha Ashwath
Subramanian Nallasivan
AC Arun
MS Rubini
Clinico immunological profile of immune-mediated disorders in South Indian children- A prospective observational study
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care
antinuclear antibody
autoimmune disease
clinical immunology
connective tissue disorders
pediatric rheumatology
title Clinico immunological profile of immune-mediated disorders in South Indian children- A prospective observational study
title_full Clinico immunological profile of immune-mediated disorders in South Indian children- A prospective observational study
title_fullStr Clinico immunological profile of immune-mediated disorders in South Indian children- A prospective observational study
title_full_unstemmed Clinico immunological profile of immune-mediated disorders in South Indian children- A prospective observational study
title_short Clinico immunological profile of immune-mediated disorders in South Indian children- A prospective observational study
title_sort clinico immunological profile of immune mediated disorders in south indian children a prospective observational study
topic antinuclear antibody
autoimmune disease
clinical immunology
connective tissue disorders
pediatric rheumatology
url https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1458_24
work_keys_str_mv AT jenishrajma clinicoimmunologicalprofileofimmunemediateddisordersinsouthindianchildrenaprospectiveobservationalstudy
AT advaithaashwath clinicoimmunologicalprofileofimmunemediateddisordersinsouthindianchildrenaprospectiveobservationalstudy
AT subramaniannallasivan clinicoimmunologicalprofileofimmunemediateddisordersinsouthindianchildrenaprospectiveobservationalstudy
AT acarun clinicoimmunologicalprofileofimmunemediateddisordersinsouthindianchildrenaprospectiveobservationalstudy
AT msrubini clinicoimmunologicalprofileofimmunemediateddisordersinsouthindianchildrenaprospectiveobservationalstudy