Prenatal exposure to barium and arsenic and the odds of congenital heart defects in offspring: a nested case–control study within a birth cohort in Lanzhou, China

BackgroundPrevious studies have identified that exposure to heavy metals increases the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs); however, limited information exists regarding the association between combined exposure to barium (Ba) and arsenic (As), and CHDs. This study aims to investigate the...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yun Dang, Jianhao Sun, Zhenzhen Wu, Baohong Mao, Qinglei Hang, Jie Huang, Xiaoli Zhao, Ji Xia, Cheng Chen, Wenxiang Yao, Dan Lu, Qing Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1597178/full
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