Robust Algorithms for Fitting Q-Factor in the Complex Domain
This paper describes robust vector-fitting algorithms for determining the Q-factor and resonant frequency of spectrally-isolated resonances from frequency-swept S-parameter measurements for both one-port (reflection) and two-port (transmission) systems. It also provides guidance on measurement techn...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IEEE
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10791316/ |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846118245862473728 |
|---|---|
| author | Andrew P. Gregory Peter D. Woolliams Stephen M. Hanham |
| author_facet | Andrew P. Gregory Peter D. Woolliams Stephen M. Hanham |
| author_sort | Andrew P. Gregory |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper describes robust vector-fitting algorithms for determining the Q-factor and resonant frequency of spectrally-isolated resonances from frequency-swept S-parameter measurements for both one-port (reflection) and two-port (transmission) systems. It also provides guidance on measurement techniques, and gives measurement examples from the electromagnetic and acoustic domains. These include measurements on a LC resonator (unloaded Q-factor <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{{ o}}\approx 57$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), a photonic-crystal resonator (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{{ o}}\approx 123\,000$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and a superconducting notch resonator (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{{ o}}\approx 1.5\times 10^{6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The vector techniques advocated are often advantageous compared to scalar techniques because they are more informative, and in many cases more precise. Among the most common applications is the measurement of dielectric permittivity and loss by resonance at RF and microwave frequencies by using Vector Network Analysers. The algorithms described, however, are applicable more generally to sensing and imaging applications that use vector instrumentation. This is demonstrated by one of the measurement examples, which shows that acoustic Q-factor can be fitted to vibrational data obtained by Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy. Open-source software implementations (Python and Matlab) of the algorithms have been made available. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-05defe03a92f410aab4f68ee1b4a2646 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-05defe03a92f410aab4f68ee1b4a26462024-12-18T00:02:29ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-011218833618834810.1109/ACCESS.2024.351470710791316Robust Algorithms for Fitting Q-Factor in the Complex DomainAndrew P. Gregory0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4931-7255Peter D. Woolliams1Stephen M. Hanham2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-8719National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K.National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, U.K.Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, U.K.This paper describes robust vector-fitting algorithms for determining the Q-factor and resonant frequency of spectrally-isolated resonances from frequency-swept S-parameter measurements for both one-port (reflection) and two-port (transmission) systems. It also provides guidance on measurement techniques, and gives measurement examples from the electromagnetic and acoustic domains. These include measurements on a LC resonator (unloaded Q-factor <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{{ o}}\approx 57$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), a photonic-crystal resonator (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{{ o}}\approx 123\,000$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) and a superconducting notch resonator (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{{ o}}\approx 1.5\times 10^{6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). The vector techniques advocated are often advantageous compared to scalar techniques because they are more informative, and in many cases more precise. Among the most common applications is the measurement of dielectric permittivity and loss by resonance at RF and microwave frequencies by using Vector Network Analysers. The algorithms described, however, are applicable more generally to sensing and imaging applications that use vector instrumentation. This is demonstrated by one of the measurement examples, which shows that acoustic Q-factor can be fitted to vibrational data obtained by Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy. Open-source software implementations (Python and Matlab) of the algorithms have been made available.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10791316/Acoustic sensorsdielectric measurementmeasurement techniquesmicrowave measurementmillimeter-wave measurementnetwork analysers |
| spellingShingle | Andrew P. Gregory Peter D. Woolliams Stephen M. Hanham Robust Algorithms for Fitting Q-Factor in the Complex Domain IEEE Access Acoustic sensors dielectric measurement measurement techniques microwave measurement millimeter-wave measurement network analysers |
| title | Robust Algorithms for Fitting Q-Factor in the Complex Domain |
| title_full | Robust Algorithms for Fitting Q-Factor in the Complex Domain |
| title_fullStr | Robust Algorithms for Fitting Q-Factor in the Complex Domain |
| title_full_unstemmed | Robust Algorithms for Fitting Q-Factor in the Complex Domain |
| title_short | Robust Algorithms for Fitting Q-Factor in the Complex Domain |
| title_sort | robust algorithms for fitting q factor in the complex domain |
| topic | Acoustic sensors dielectric measurement measurement techniques microwave measurement millimeter-wave measurement network analysers |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10791316/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT andrewpgregory robustalgorithmsforfittingqfactorinthecomplexdomain AT peterdwoolliams robustalgorithmsforfittingqfactorinthecomplexdomain AT stephenmhanham robustalgorithmsforfittingqfactorinthecomplexdomain |