Mucosal immunity and vaccination strategies: current insights and future perspectives

Abstract The mucosal immune system represents a critical defense mechanism, safeguarding the body from an array of external pathogens. As the body’s first line of immune protection, it plays an essential role in initiating both innate and adaptive immune responses. Through intricate networks of immu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhihao Zhang, Weiqi Hong, Yu Zhang, Xin Li, Haiying Que, Xiawei Wei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-08-01
Series:Molecular Biomedicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s43556-025-00301-7
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