PharmaFormer predicts clinical drug responses through transfer learning guided by patient derived organoid

Abstract A major challenge in effective cancer treatment is the variability of drug responses among patients. Patient-derived organoids greatly preserve the genetic and histological characteristics even the drug sensitivities of primary tumor tissues, therefore provide a compelling approach to predi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Yuru Zhou, Quanhui Dai, Yanming Xu, Shuang Wu, Minzhang Cheng, Bing Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Precision Oncology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41698-025-01082-6
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Summary:Abstract A major challenge in effective cancer treatment is the variability of drug responses among patients. Patient-derived organoids greatly preserve the genetic and histological characteristics even the drug sensitivities of primary tumor tissues, therefore provide a compelling approach to predict clinical outcome. However, the individual organoid culture and following drug response test are time and cost-consuming, which hinders the potential clinical application. Here, we developed PharmaFormer, a clinical drug response prediction model based on custom Transformer architecture and transfer learning. PharmaFormer was initially pre-trained with the abundant gene expression and drug sensitivity data of 2D cell lines, and was then finalized through a model further fine-tuned with the limited organoid pharmacogenomic data accumulated at the present stage. Our results demonstrate that PharmaFormer, integrating both pan-cancer cell lines and organoids of a specific type of tumor, provides a dramatically improved accurate prediction of clinical drug response. This study highlights that advanced AI models combined with biomimetic organoid models will accelerate precision medicine and future drug development.
ISSN:2397-768X