On languages of automaton counter machines by E. V. Kuzmin, D. Ju. Chalyy

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The Formalization of the Business Process Modeling Goals by Ligita Bušinska, Mārīte Kirikova

“…While, in general, the goal of modelers is a central notion in the choice of modeling languages and notations, in most researches that propose guidelines, techniques, and methods for business process modeling language evaluation and/or selection, the business process modeling goal is not formalized and not transparently taken into account. …”
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Formal and Semantic Structure of Contexts of Text Clip AND THEN by E. S. Sheremetyeva, Xiaomin Cao

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Intelligent System to Transformer Slang Words into Formal Words by Ahmed Abdulstar Ibrahim, Ban Shareef Mustafa

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Variation of Pronunciation Norm and Meaning in Light of Semantic-Cognitive Analysis: german Idiom <i>das A und O</i> by K. V. Manerova

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Language Identity of Online Business Correspondence (on Material of the French and English Languages) by N. V. Poliakova, N. A. Skitina, V. P. Shabanova

“…In the course of the study identical vectors of development of stylistic forms of the compared languages were identified. Decrease in the degree of formality is observed in online business correspondence, which is manifested through the use of colloquial and slang expressions. …”
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Parental beliefs and the influence of formal and informal literacy environments on preschoolers' attitudes toward English learning. by Qingyun Li, Kimberley Kong, Qian Li, Qian Wang

“…This study seeks to address how formal and informal literacy activities within the Home Literacy Environment (HLE) mediate the relationship between parental beliefs and Chinese children's attitudes towards learning English in a foreign language context. …”
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Some Features of Homonymy of Word Combinations in Russian and English Languages by M. Yu. Masalova, S. V. Shelkovnikova, R. P. Avedova

“…As a result of the study, general and particular conditions for the emergence of syntactic homonymy in the Russian and English languages, based on the synthetism and analyticism of these languages, were identified. …”
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Gluttonously Discourse of the French Language as a Reflection of Russian-French Language Contacts: Phonetic-Graphic Aspect by A. V. Ageyeva, Y. V. Smakhtina

“…The study presents the classification of formal phonetic-graphic modifications of lexical units in the process of language transfer and inclusion in the new paradigm. …”
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Language and Cultural Values: Ultraliberal Transformations by I. V. Palashevskaya

“…It is highlighted that these processes which are axiologically creative are accompanied by manipulative changes in both the formal and content aspects of language. As basic linguistic tools of transformation of cultural values, the author analyses 1) euphemisation aimed at normalisation and routinisation of traditionally prohibited social practices; 2) resemantisation of a linguistic sign through a) implantation of new components reflecting ultra-liberal values into the core meaning, b) displacement of semes that do not agree with radical ideology. …”
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Developing a Multi-Layer Ontology Construction Framework for Arabic Language Processing: Focus on Figurative Language Potential by Zouheir Banou, Sanaa El Filali, El Habib Benlahmar, Laila Eljiani, Fatima-Zahra Alaoui

“…Theoretically, this work advances the formal modeling of figurative language in morphologically rich languages, while practically, it enables the development of more linguistically grounded and semantically aware Arabic NLP systems.…”
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Teaching Students with Disabilities: Speech and Language Impairments by Blake C. Colclasure, Andrew C. Thoron, Sarah E. LaRose

“…AEC601/WC263: Teaching Students with Disabilities: Speech and Language Impairments (ufl.edu) …”
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Verification of Programs with Mutual Recursion in the Pifagor Language by Mariya S. Ushakov, Alexander I. Legalov

“…In the article, we consider verification of programs with mutual recursion in the data driven functional parallel language Pifagor. In this language the program could be represented as a data flow graph, that has no control connections, and has only data relations. …”
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On Types of Anthropocentric Elements in Semantics of Discursive Words (by Material of French and Russian Languages) by O. A. Gulyga

“…The article is devoted to the analysis of the elements of meaning with the semantic sign of ‘man’ (anthropocentric elements) on the material of the Russian and French languages. Their role in the semantics of formal tokens and discursive words is discussed. …”
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Intelligent teambuilding in the context of teaching a foreign language by Tatyana Grigorievna Gokzhaeva

“…Analysis of the results of teaching a foreign language with the use of intellectual teambuilding allows us to say that this technique contributes to the activation of creative team thinking and effective learning of language material.…”
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Semantic Characteristics of Speech Formulas of Apology in English Language by A. I. Bochkarev, Y. B. Skvortsova

“…There are differences in the semantics of the verbal formulas of apology in the English language: an apology with the word sorry is neutral, and it is the main way of expressing apology; the apology with the verb to excuse is given for the negative action; the apology from the verb to forgive is given for the negative state; the apology with the verb to apologise/ze additionally includes such semes as ‘official’ and ‘emphatic’; the apology with the verb regret includes semes of ‘regret’ and ‘formality’; the apology with the speech formula of I’m afraid includes seme ‘courtesy’ and is used to mitigate the subsequent unfavourable message. …”
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Aspectuality and Variability of Verbal Phraseological Units in Russian Language and Speech by E. Ya. Titarenko, Yu. Yu. Balatskaya

“…The article deals with the problems of classification of verb phraseological units and their variants in the Russian language. Formalized criteria for the differentiation of phraseological variants depending on their syntactic and derivational structure are presented on the example of Russian verbal phraseological units. …”
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Sociolinguistic Conditionality of Yakut Language Functioning in Field of School Education: Origins of Incipient Crisis by N. I. Ivanova, V. N. Nikitina, A. G. Filippova

“…It is argued that the language policy in the field of education, which implements “de jure” bilingual, polylingual models, in the implementation of which the formal approach prevails, actually minimizes the presence of the Yakut language in the education system due to insufficient consideration of linguistic attitudes and the real needs of the Sakha ethnic community. …”
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Aspectual reduplication in Sign Language of the Netherlands: reconsidering phonological constraints and aspectual distinctions by van Boven Cindy

“…The results suggest that (i) predicate reduplication can express all three aspect types, but it is optional; (ii) reduplication expressing habitual and continuative aspect appears to be phonologically constrained; and (iii) such phonological constraints do not apply to iterative reduplication, whose form is different from the other two aspects, in that the reduplication cycles are separated by pauses. Since there is no formal difference between habituals and continuatives in the data, it is suggested that this semantic distinction may not be grammaticalized in the language, and that, possibly, the inflectional system of NGT instead more broadly distinguishes imperfective/perfective viewpoint. …”
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LENGUAJE FORMAL DE DESCRIPCIÓN PARA LA LENGUA DE SEÑAS BOLIVIANA (LSB): UNA HERRAMIENTA ABIERTA PARA SU USO EN OTRAS LENGUAS DE SEÑAS by Mayra Oropeza-Condori, Miguel Frade-Flores, Marcel Barrero Mendizábal, Cecilia Tapia-Siles

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