MPPT Efficiency in PV Arrays under Partial Shading Conditions:A Comparative Analysis of PSO and P&O Algorithms by Rachid Bennia, Cherif Larbes, Faiza Belhachat

“…This investigation presents a comparative analysis of two established algorithms: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Perturb and Observe (P&O), evaluating their respective capabilities in GMPP identification. …”
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Peak-to-average power ratio reduction of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing signals using improved salp swarm optimization-based partial transmit sequence model by Vandana Tripathi, Prabhat Patel, Prashant Kumar Jain, Shailja Shukla

“…Therefore, an optimization algorithm, namely, the improved salp swarm optimization algorithm (ISSA), is incorpo-rated with the PTS to reduce the PAPR of the OFDM signals with limited com-putational cost. …”
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A Hybrid P&O-Fuzzy-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) Algorithm for Photovoltaic Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions by Hamed Karimi, Alireza Siadatan, Afshin Rezaei-Zare

“…Most MPPT algorithms do not perform well during partial shadow conditions, as they can become trapped in local maxima and fail to identify the absolute Global Maximum Power Point (GMP). …”
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Optimizing solar maximum power point tracking with adaptive PSO: A comparative analysis of inertia weight and acceleration coefficient strategies by Denesh Sooriamoorthy, Aaruththiran Manoharan, Siva Kumar Sivanesan, Soon Kian Lun, Alexander Chee Hon Cheong, Sathish Kumar Selva Perumal

“…However, conventional MPPT techniques, such as Perturb and Observe (P&O), often suffer from power losses, slow convergence, and poor performance under partial shading conditions (PSC). Metaheuristic algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) are explored extensively for MPPT applications. …”
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Design and Analysis of a Hybrid MPPT Method for PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions by Oğuzhan Timur, Bayram Kaan Uzundağ

“…The classical Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm fails to determine the global maximum operating point to prevent power losses under partial shading conditions. …”
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A novel global MPPT method based on sooty tern optimization for photovoltaic systems under complex partial shading by Mohammed Taha Kaaitan, Rashid Ali Fayadh, Zuhair S. AL-sagar, Salam J. Yaqoob, Mohit Bajaj, Mebratu Sintie Geremew

“…A comprehensive simulation framework was implemented in MATLAB/Simulink, employing a 3 × 3 PV array (3 kW capacity) and a boost converter to test the proposed method across four shading scenarios, including highly irregular and dynamic patterns. Performance evaluation against benchmark algorithms—Perturb & Observe (P&O), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO)—revealed that STOA consistently outperformed its counterparts. …”
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A Novel Fuzzy PIDF Enhancing PIDF Controller Tuned in Two Stages by TLBO and PSO Algorithms for Reliable AVR Performance by Mokhtar Shouran, Mohammed Alenezi

“…This framework leverages Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithms to find the optimum values of the PIDF and Fuzzy-PIDF controllers’ gains, respectively. …”
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Global Maximum Power Point Tracking of Photovoltaic Systems Using Artificial Intelligence by Rukhsar, Aidha Muhammad Ajmal, Yongheng Yang

“…According to the benchmarking, a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) GMPPT algorithm is proposed, and the experimental results validate its ability to achieve GMPPT with faster dynamics and higher efficiency. …”
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Hardware-in-loop implementation of an adaptive MPPT controlled PV-assisted EV charging system with vehicle-to-grid integration by Surabhi Singh, Hari Om Bansal

“…The findings indicate that the PSO + ANFIS-driven method offers the highest tracking efficiency of 99.5%. This algorithm is also tested under dynamic partial shading conditions (PSC) to ensure robustness, and it led to achieving fast convergence and high efficiency despite multiple power peaks. …”
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