Neonicotinoids and Varroa mites force the extending of longevity in a bee colony during overwintering to forget by Toshiro Yamada, Yasuhiro Yamada

“…Abstract A mathematical model that can estimate the apparent longevity of bee-colony proposed previously clarified the following normal seasonal changes in longevity: The longevity remains almost constant from late April to late September in 20–30 days, after which it continues to extend until the end of wintering, reaching 160–200 days. …”
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