How many dollars are in the sea? Estimating sand dollar (Echinarachnius parma) abundance using an iteratively trained convolutional neural network and generalized additive models by Sara Vanaki, Deborah R. Hart, Jui-Han Chang

“…We employ Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) that use the confidence levels combined with covariates to estimate the probabilities that a detection is correct as well as the number of targets in an image. …”
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Association of prognostic nutritional index and severe abdominal aortic calcification in middle-aged adults: a cross-sectional study by Yuanming Li, Jing Tang, Yi Zhou, Lishan Bai

“…We constructed three progressively adjusted models: Crude model, Model 1 (age/sex/race-adjusted), and Model 3 (fully adjusted for all covariates). Additional stratification analyses and interaction examinations were conducted to evaluate potential modifying effects of confounding variables. …”
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Age-related trajectories of quality of life in community dwelling older adults: findings from the Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) by Sarah Mendorf, Sarah Mendorf, Konstantin G. Heimrich, Hannah M. Mühlhammer, Hannah M. Mühlhammer, Tino Prell, Tino Prell, Aline Schönenberg

“…The influence of age was less significant compared to ID and decreased significantly after the addition of covariates.ConclusionOur findings underscore the importance of individual-level analyses in aging research. …”
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Gender Differences in Antibiotic Prescriptions and Healthcare Visits Among Caregivers Accompanying Children with Respiratory Tract Infections: A Cross-Sectional Study by Taito Kitano, Yusuke Asai, Ryuji Koizumi, Norio Ohmagari, Shinya Tsuzuki

“…Participants with higher education levels were less likely to require a simultaneous healthcare visit (aOR 0.56 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.33–0.94], p = 0.029). Other covariates, including participants’ gender, were not significantly associated with simultaneous healthcare visits. …”
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Perioperative outcomes among older surgical patients with multimorbidity: a longitudinal study from Ethiopia by Amanuel Sisay Endeshaw, Fantahun Tarekegn Kumie, Simachew Amogne Debas, Bantayehu Sileshi

“…A bivariable and multivariable modified Poisson regression was used to compute crude and adjusted relative risks, respectively, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the strength of association while adjusting for confounding covariates. A p-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. …”
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Effect of an emergency/planned cesarean section on the perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with placenta accreta spectrum and their neonates: a retrospective study cohort by Duan Duan, Sumei Wei, Dongmei Tang, Shimao Zhang, Jinzhu Fu, Linbo Cheng, Mi Su, Wenyi Lin, Wen Xiong

“…To further enhance our understanding, a multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine the key factors influencing intraoperative bleeding. The selection of covariates for the regression analyses was carefully guided by previously reported influencing factors, as well as the significant differences highlighted in the univariate analysis. …”
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Primary care patients with mild or stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease need more support in disease management: a secondary analysis of a cluster randomized controlled tri... by Hanna Sandelowsky, Ingvar Krakau, Sonja Modin, Björn Ställberg, Anna Nager

“…Patients in a mild or stable phase of COPD with no recent exacerbations reported greater needs than those with unstable, deteriorated COPD.Conclusion Patients’ information needs are substantial in most areas of self-management of COPD, and seem to covary with the patient’s current clinical status. …”
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The effects of reflective writing on EFL student-teachers’ critical thinking: a quasi-experimental study by Gemechu Tola Chala, Adinew Tadesse Degago, Abera Admassu Endashaw, Alemayehu Getachew Tsegaye

“…The study employed MANCOVA (Analysis of covariates) as a statistical model, considering age, Ethiopian University Entrance Examination (EUEE), and pretest results. …”
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Low birth weight and adverse pregnancy outcomes among women living with HIV and HIV-uninfected in Rwanda. by Natalia Zotova, Athanase Munyaneza, Gad Murenzi, Gallican Kubwimana, Adebola Adedimeji, Kathryn Anastos, Marcel Yotebieng, CA-IeDEA consortium

“…Logistic regression was used to assess associations between maternal HIV status, ART timing, and LBW, adjusting for relevant covariates.<h4>Results and discussion</h4>Among 10,191 women with known HIV status and babies' birth weights, 12.7% (n = 1,293) were WLWH. …”
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Modelling the impact of climatic and environmental variables on malaria incidence in Tanzania: Implications for achieving the WHO's 2030 Targets. by Angelina Mageni Lutambi, Basiliana Emidi, Fredrick George Mbuya, Michael Ryoba, Thadei Damas Sagamiko, Alfred Kisuda Hugo, Isambi Sailon Mbalawata

“…We assessed the impact of climatic and environmental variables on malaria incidence to better understand spatial and temporal trends and their implications for the WHO targets. We utilized geo-covariate data from the Demographic and Health surveys (DHS) program, applying a Moran's I test for spatial autocorrelation, a geostatistical Bayesian-based model to predict malaria incidence at an unsampled locations, and calculated the percentage change in predicted incidence over a ten-year interval. …”
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Impact of frailty and its change on urinary incontinence: A longitudinal analysis from two prospective study of ageing. by Xiaohan Gan, Linghao Meng, Shangqi Cao, Hexiang Bai, Xiang Li

“…Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to calculate Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs), adjusting for multiple covariates. In the baseline frailty status analysis, a total of 12,398 participants from CHARLS and 13,817 from HRS were included. …”
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Association Between Antihypertensive Treatment Discontinuation and the Development of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Japanese Patients With Hypertension: The LIFE Study by Kazuya Honda, Kenichi Goto, Megumi Maeda, Fumiko Murata, Haruhisa Fukuda

“…Conditional logistic regression was performed to examine the association between treatment discontinuation and ICH occurrence. Covariates included atrial fibrillation and flutter, diabetes, Charlson Comorbidity Index score, antithrombotic, and statin use. …”
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Association between sensory impairment and cardiometabolic multimorbidity among older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study based on the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal... by Jing Xi, Kewen Niu, Jiaqi Xu, Yangyang Lu, Xinjie Li, Hongyan Meng, Chun Li

“…After adjusting for potential covariates, no significant association was found between single sensory impairment and CMM. …”
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Mirikizumab Pharmacokinetics and Exposure‐Response in Patients With Moderately‐To‐Severely Active Crohn's Disease: Results From Two Randomized Studies by Laiyi Chua, Yuki Otani, Zhantao Lin, Stuart Friedrich, Frederick Durand, Xin Cindy Zhang

“…PK and ER for efficacy were analyzed using population PK and logistic regression models for Weeks 12 and 52 endpoints, respectively, and included analyses of covariate effects. Mirikizumab PK was best described by a two‐compartment model, with first‐order absorption for SC maintenance doses. …”
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Association of red blood cell distribution width with short- and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with acute pancreatitis and sepsis by Qingzhou Song, Xuanlin Wu, Firooz Ahmad Taheri, Linghou Meng, Wentao Wang, Xianwei Mo

“…Cox regression analysis indicated that, after adjustment for covariates, elevated RDW was significantly associated with increased risk of mortality at 28, 90, and 365 days. …”
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Integrating genomics, phenomics, and deep learning improves the predictive ability for Fusarium head blight–related traits in winter wheat by Subash Thapa, Harsimardeep S. Gill, Jyotirmoy Halder, Anshul Rana, Shaukat Ali, Maitiniyazi Maimaitijiang, Upinder Gill, Amy Bernardo, Paul St. Amand, Guihua Bai, Sunish K. Sehgal

“…The inclusion of FDK_QNIR and FDK_QVIS with days to heading as covariates improved the PA for DON by 58% over the baseline single‐trait GS model. …”
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Impact of changes in adolescent-adult relationships on help-seeking intention among Japanese schoolchildren by Nihaal Rahman, Kazue Ishitsuka, Aurélie Piedvache, Mayumi Hangai, Naho Morisaki

“…When adjusting for covariates, the children who reported considerably less time to talk with family or considerably reduced ease of talking with teachers or adults reported lower help–seeking intention (RR = 0.49 [95 % CI: 0.34–0.68] and 0.47 [95 % CI: 0.25–0.79], respectively). …”
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Association between parent-perceived neighborhood support on food insufficiency and public benefit participation among US children by Claire E. Branley, Mary R. Lee, Sharina Person, Kurt Hager, Stephenie C. Lemon

“…After controlling for covariates and accounting for sampling weights, children in non-supportive neighborhoods had 2.41 times the odds of food insufficiency (aOR: 2.39; 95 % CI: 2.19–2.65) and 1.18 times the odds of participating in SNAP (95 % CI 1.01–1.37), but there was no significant association with WIC participation (aOR: 1.04, 95 % CI 0.84–1.29). …”
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Prevalence of clinician-ordered genetic testing in rural and urban United States counties: An analysis of the 2022 Health Information National Trends Survey by Anne C. Madeo, Erin D. Bouldin, Kimberly A. Kaphingst, Chelsey R. Schlechter, Melissa Yack, Jennie L. Hill

“…Post hoc we identified significant differences in different covariate aPRs in both types of clinician-ordered genetic testing. …”
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Elevated FDG uptake in non-tumorous lung regions does not predict immune checkpoint inhibitor–related pneumonitis in lung cancer patients by Friederike Völter, Friederike Völter, Friederike Völter, Lukas Wehlte, Blerina Resuli, Blerina Resuli, Blerina Resuli, Julia Walter, Julia Walter, Julia Walter, Lea Daisenberger, Maria Ingenerf, Maurice Heimer, Matthias Brendel, Matthias Brendel, Matthias Brendel, Gabriel T. Sheikh, Lena M. Unterrainer, Lena M. Unterrainer, Lena M. Unterrainer, Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero, Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero, Diego Kauffmann-Guerrero, Thomas Pfluger, Lucie Heinzerling, Lucie Heinzerling, Amanda Tufman, Amanda Tufman, Amanda Tufman

“…Logistic regression using sex, age, body mass index and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as covariables additionally showed no significant association between pretreatment radioligand uptake and the risk of cinrPneumonitis. …”
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