Comparison of the Characteristics of Hydrochar and Torrefied-Char of Traditional Chinese Medicine Residues by Zhiqiang Xu, Wenyu Ren, Shiliang Wu, Rui Xiao

“…Through analysis techniques such as Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and Scanning Electron Microscopy, the changes in the crystal structure, chemical functional groups, and microscopic morphology of the carbonized products were deeply studied, and the carbon yield was measured. …”
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Mechanical Properties and Durability of High-Performance Concretes Blended with Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Ash and Slag as Replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement by Zhi Cheng, Lei He, Lan Liu, Zhijun Cheng, Xiaobo Pei, Zhe Ma

“…The microstructure and hydration products of the HPC families were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to explore the influence of fly ash, CFBC ash, and CFBC slag on the compressive strength and frost resistance of HPC. …”
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NATURAL HYDROXYAPATITE AS AN ADSORBENT FOR MICROORGANISMS (MOS) FROM AQUEOUS SYSTEM by KSHAMA PARAJULI, BIBEK GAUTAM, BIJAYA LAXMI MAHARJAN, GANGA GHARTY CHHETRI

“…As produced material was characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses and ensured the synthesized material was nano rod hydroxyapatite. …”
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Ethyl 4-Ene-4-ferrocenyl-5,5-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pentanoate by Jérémy Forté, Pascal Pigeon

“…Ethyl 4-ene-4-ferrocenyl-5,5-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-pentanoate (<b>1e</b>) was fully characterized by ¹H NMR (including COSY), ¹³C NMR (including DEPT135), low resolution mass spectrometry, HRMS, infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The data of already published crystal structures of five structurally related ferrocidiphenols are also included for comparison purposes.…”
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Optical and temperature dependent electrical properties of Er-/Yb-doped ZnO schottky diodes and thin films by Dechasa Tolera, Teshome Senbeta, Belayneh Mesfin

“…The structural and optical properties of the films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. …”
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The Effect of Quenching and Partitioning (Q&P) Processing on the Microstructure, Hardness, and Corrosion Resistance of SAE 9254 Spring Steel by Alisson Denis Carros Nizes, Silvano Leal dos Santos, Renato Altobelli Antunes

“…Quantitative characterization of austenite and martensite volume fractions was carried out by X-ray diffraction. Qualitative characterization was carried out by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in addition to quantitative assessments of the chemical composition of segregations by EDS. …”
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Optimization and modeling of Zn2SnO4 sensitivity as gas sensor for detection benzene in the air by using the response surface methodology by Hassan Hosseinzadeh asl, Ghasem Tohidi, F. Movahedi, E. Hassannayebi

“…Characterization of the gas sensor was performed by using Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface area analysis (using BET method). …”
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Tissue-Engineered Vascular Graft of Small Diameter Based on Electrospun Polylactide Microfibers by P. V. Popryadukhin, G. I. Popov, G. Yu. Yukina, I. P. Dobrovolskaya, E. M. Ivan’kova, V. N. Vavilov, V. E. Yudin

“…Tubular vascular grafts 1.1 mm in diameter based on poly(L-lactide) microfibers were obtained by electrospinning. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy data demonstrated that the samples treated at T=70°C for 1 h in the fixed state on a cylindrical mandrel possessed dense fibrous structure; their degree of crystallinity was approximately 44%. …”
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Synergistic corrosion inhibition and controlled release of ascorbic acid from a layered double hydroxide composite for stainless steel by Amal Abdouli, Mohamed Amine Djebbi, Abdesslem Ben Haj Amara

“…The AA/MgAl layered double hydroxides (LDH) composite was synthesized via the co-precipitation method, and its structural and morphological properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurements. …”
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Investigation on the sonocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene using heterogeneous nanostructured catalysts in absence and presence of surfactant by F.Z. Yehia, A.M. Badawi, Gh. Eshaq, O.I.H. Dimitry

“…The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were investigated via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and point of zero charge (PZC). …”
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Electrospinning Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of Mesoporous TiO2 Nanofibers by Jing Li, Hui Qiao, Yuanzhi Du, Chen Chen, Xiaolin Li, Jing Cui, Dnt Kumar, Qufu Wei

“…The morphologies, crystal structure, surface area, and the photocatalytic activity of resulting TiO2 nanofibers were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen sorption, and UV-vis spectroscopy. …”
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Effect of SiC Nanowhisker on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of WC-Ni Cemented Carbide Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering by Xiaoyong Ren, Zhijian Peng, Zhiqiang Fu, Chengbiao Wang

“…The effects of SiC nanowhisker on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-prepared WC-Ni cemented carbides were investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that during spark plasma sintering (SPS) Ni may react with the applied SiC nanowhisker, forming Ni2Si and graphite. …”
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Effects of Mannitol and Xylitol on the Quality of Spicy Wheat Gluten Sticks by Qiuyan Ren, Heng Yang, Ziyang Jia, Wenping Ding, Yang Fu, Shensheng Xiao, Yanmei Wei, Kaifeng Zhao, Yan Wu, Xuedong Wang

“…The present study sought to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of mannitol and xylitol on the regeneration of spicy wheat gluten sticks (SWGSs) through texture profile analysis (TPA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR). …”
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Influence of α-MnO2 and Curing Temperature on Density and Microhardness of Epoxy Nanocomposites by Md Zakir Hussain, Pranjal Sarmah, Surendra Kumar Yadav, Virendra Kumar, Ashu Yadav, Ashish Goyal, Ankit D. Oza, Chander Prakash, Virat Khanna

“…Phase and surface morphology of the nanocomposite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. …”
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Characterization of iron oxide nanoparticles for production of breast adenocarcinoma spheroids by MAYELLE LIMA, Giovana Dias Silva, Patrícia, Thais, RENÉ, Daniel

“…The models were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cytotoxicity assays, and fluorescence microscopy.  …”
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(Co,Mn)3O4 Spinel Coating for Protecting Metallic Interconnects Thermally Converted from an Electro-Codeposited Co-Mn3O4 Composite Coating by Yelong Li, Jianli Song, Jiahong Zhu, Yongtang Li, Wen Yang

“…The converted layer was characterized with scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that after 10 min heat treatment, the plated Co layer was not fully oxidized and converted into a double-layer microstructure with an inner CoO layer and outer Co3O4 layer, while for the Co-Mn3O4 layer, the Mn3O4 particles were not completely dissolved into the oxide layer. …”
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Effective Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction over Metals (Fe-, Co-, Ni-, and Cu-) Incorporated TiO2/Basalt Fiber Films by Jeong Yeon Do, Byeong Sub Kwak, Sun-Min Park, Misook Kang

“….% M-TiO2 powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence, Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface area, and CO2-temperature-programmed desorption. …”
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Study on Preparation of Water-Soluble Chitosan with Varying Molecular Weights and Its Antioxidant Activity by Dang Xuan Du, Bui Xuan Vuong

“…The chemical structure and the crystallinity of chitosan and WSC were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. The antioxidant activity of WSC and chitosan was investigated using the free radical 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS•+). …”
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Synthesis of TiO2/Pd and TiO2/PdO Hollow Spheres and Their Visible Light Photocatalytic Activity by Jing Yan, Xiaojuan Li, Bo Jin, Min Zeng, Rufang Peng

“…The structure and optical properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Telleranalysis, Barrett-Joyner-Halenda measurement, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. …”
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Lidocaine loaded gelatin/gelatinized tapioca starch films for buccal delivery and the irritancy evaluation using chick chorioallantoic membrane by Suchipha Wannaphatchaiyong, Paul Wan Sia Heng, Jirapornchai Suksaeree, Prapaporn Boonme, Wiwat Pichayakorn

“…The scanning electron microscopy, atomic force electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis results confirmed the compatibility of gelatin/α st/glycerin (Gαgly) films. …”
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