Models for an arenavirus infection in a rodent population: consequences of horizontal, vertical and sexual transmission by Chandrani Banerjee, Linda J. S. Allen, Jorge Salazar-Bravo

“…Machupo virus is transmitted among rodents through horizontal (direct contact), vertical (infected mother to offspring) and sexual transmission. …”
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Alternative transmission modes for Trypanosoma cruzi by Christopher M. Kribs-Zaleta

“…The parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, which causes Chagas' disease, istypically transmitted through a cycle in which vectors become infectedthrough bloodmeals on infected hosts and then infect other hosts throughdefecation at the sites of subsequent feedings. …”
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Horizontal and vertical transmission of microsporidia Nosema pyrausta and Nosema bombycis in the predatory bug Podisus maculiventris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) by Arina S. Rumiantseva, Anastasia N. Ignatieva, Inna V. Grushevaya, Alsu M. Utkuzova, Nina V. Binitskaya, Anastasia G. Kononchuk, Ekaterina G. Kozlova, Anastasia A. Khodzhash, Yuri S. Tokarev

“…The former pathogen displayed a decrease of prevalence level in the filial generation to as low as 5 % and no infection in consequent generations. The latter could only be transmitted to bugs horizontally and no infections in the filial generation was found. …”
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IAPSM Position Paper on Vertical Transmission of HIV from Mother to Child by Dhrubajyoti J. Debnath, Sanjay K. Rai, Suchit Kamble, Nilesh Gawade, Meenal M Thakare, Purushottam Giri, Shubhada Suresh Javadekar

“…Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted through vertical route from the mother to her child during the period of pregnancy, process of childbirth, or through the breastfeeding. …”
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A Case of Vertical Transmission of Chagas Disease Contracted via Blood Transfusion in Canada by Margaret A Fearon, Vito Scalia, Mary Huang, Irene Dines, Momar Ndao, Philippe Lagacé-Wiens

“…Chagas disease is caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is endemic in many countries in Latin America, where infected bugs of the Triatominea subfamily carry the parasite in the gut and transmit it to humans through fecal contamination of a bite. …”
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Molecular detection of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> in pregnant women and percentage of vertical transmission to their neonates in Babylon province by Ali D. Marhash, Zainab N. Nabat, Nawras A. Abbas

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Vertical Transmission of Group B Streptococcus, Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile among Newborns Delivered at Health Facilities in Jigjiga Ci... by Addisu Tesfaye, Mahlet Fekede, Fasil Getu, Surafel Mekuria, Tigist Abebe, Daniel Tollosa, Shamil Barsenga, Bawlah Tahir, Abdurahman Kedir Roble, Sara Tesfaye, Muluken Walle

“…Group B Streptococcus (GBS) colonizes the rectovaginal area of women and vertically transmitted to neonates. This bacterium has been linked to severe neonatal complications including pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis. …”
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Sigma Virus (DMelSV) Incidence in Lines of Drosophila melanogaster Selected for Survival following Infection with Bacillus cereus by Meghan L. Bentz, Eve A. Humphrey, Lawrence G. Harshman, Marta L. Wayne

“…In this study we tested for cross-immunity for bacteria and viruses by scoring the incidence of infection with the vertically transmitted Sigma virus (DMelSV) in the progeny of a cross between females transmitting DMelSV at high frequencies and males from lines subjected to three selection regimes related to resistance to Bacillus cereus. …”
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The rise of congenital syphilis in Canada: threats and opportunities by Ashorkor Tetteh, Victoria Moore

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Knowledge, willingness to provide service and preparedness for monkeypox infection among medical practitioners working in Bangladesh: a multicentred cross-sectional study by Mohammad Jahid Hasan, Salwa Islam, Mir Susmita Zaman, Jannatul Fardous, Shehab Uddin Al Abid, Tamanna Tabassum, Monirul Hasan, Mohiuddin Sharif

“…A majority (91.4%) knew monkeypox is transmitted human-to-human, followed by sexual (55.1%) and vertical transmission (34.8%), but only 19.5% were aware of vaccine availability. …”
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Prevalence of viral hepatitis B and C infection and associated factors among pregnant women in southeast Ethiopia: community-based crossectional study by Nuruzelam Mohammed, Jeylan Kassim, Ahmednur Adem Aliyi, Muhammed Jemal Abdurebi

“…IntroductionHepatitis B or C infection during pregnancy increases the risk of vertical transmission, which is risky for the growing fetus and the newborn. …”
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Potato spindle tuber viroid by A. V. Kochetov, A. Y. Pronozin, N. V. Shatskaya, D. A. Afonnikov, O. S. Afanasenko

“…Here we review recent literature data concerning the genetics of Potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) and the mechanisms related to its pathological effect on the host plants. PSTVd can be transmitted vertically through microspores and macrospores, but not with pollen from another infected plant. …”
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The dengue fever and its explosive spread by Abedin Saghafipour, Ghobad Moradi

“…These factors include: 1-Global warming due to human activities and creating favorable living conditions and reproduction of Aedes mosquitoes. 2- Numerous seasonal rains that create temporary and suitable larval habitats and breeding places for Aedes mosquitoes. 3- The presence of numerous larval habitats for Aedes mosquitoes; They lay eggs anywhere there is stagnant water: in discarded used tires, in broken containers that hold water and septic tank valve pipes, and even in abandoned cans. 4-Unlike other mosquitoes that only bite once and feed once before laying eggs; Invasive Aedes mosquitoes, especially Ae. aegypti, have repeated bites daily, and multiple and repeated bites cause more transmission of dengue fever virus and its explosive spread. 5- Aedes mosquitoes infected with one of the dengue fever virus serotypes vertically transmit the virus to their next generation; That is, Aedes infected with the virus also lay infected eggs, and from the infected eggs, the infected adult mosquitoes eventually come out, which are infected with the virus from the beginning without having a blood meal from the infected human reservoir, and with their first blood meal, they get fever. …”
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Lassa Fever in Pregnancy: Report of 2 Cases Seen at the University College Hospital, Ibadan by O. O. Bello, O. R. Akinajo, K. H. Odubamowo, T. A. O. Oluwasola

“…Though a rodent-borne infection, it can also be transmitted from person to person during the care of sick relations or more commonly in health care settings as a nosocomial infection. …”
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Disseminated Histoplasmosis as an AIDS-Defining Illness Presenting as Fever of Unknown Origin in an 11-Year-Old Female by Kathryn E. Kalata, Christina Osborne, Amy Willis, Kacey Navarro, Laura Z. Fenton, Christiana Smith

“…This case is significant because it represents a late presentation of vertically transmitted HIV with disseminated histoplasmosis in a nonendemic region as the AIDS-defining illness. …”
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Term Abdominal Pregnancy Revealed by Amnioperitoneum in Rural Area by Henri Donald Mutarambirwa, Bruno Kenfack, Jovanny Tsuala Fouogue

“…In sub-Saharan Africa, the high prevalence of sexually transmitted infections explains the increasing frequency of this pathology. …”
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Congenital Syphilis Coinfection in a Preterm Infant with Early Onset Sepsis due to Enterobacter cloacae by Sakviseth Bin, Sethikar Im

“…Syphilis should not be overlooked. The vertical transmission is preventable by an on-time treatment of the infected mother, triggered by a proper antenatal screening at the right time. …”
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Evidences of the Low Implication of Mosquitoes in the Transmission of Mycobacterium ulcerans, the Causative Agent of Buruli Ulcer by Rousseau Djouaka, Francis Zeukeng, Jude Daiga Bigoga, David N’golo Coulibaly, Genevieve Tchigossou, Romaric Akoton, Sylla Aboubacar, Sodjinin Jean-Eudes Tchebe, Clavella Nantcho Nguepdjo, Razack Adeoti, Innocent Djegbe, Manuele Tamo, Wilfred Fon Mbacham, Solange E. Kakou-Ngazoa, Anthony Ablordey

“…However, we noticed an absence of these bacteria at both pupae and adult stages, certainly revealing the low ability of infected or colonized mosquitoes to vertically transmit MU to their offspring. …”
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