Towards an unbiased jet energy loss measurement by Liliana Apolinário, Lénea Luís, José Guilherme Milhano, João M. Silva

“…Additionally, we compare Q AA to an experimentally proposed proxy for fractional jet energy loss, S loss , showing that both quantities are similar, although the former provides a more clear physical interpretation. …”
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Employee attendance system using face recognition and GPS using local binary pattern histogram by Narahari Vigraha Prasada, Ikrimach

“…Conventional approaches such as manual sign-ins and RFID cards or fingerprint scanning have shown important weaknesses, especially with regard to proxy attendance (buddy punching). We chose the LBPH algorithm since it has a higher flexibility against changes of light, which means that we can use it in many situations like indoor or outdoor cases. …”
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Probabilistic Prediction of Dst Storms One‐Day‐Ahead Using Full‐Disk SoHO Images by A. Hu, C. Shneider, A. Tiwari, E. Camporeale

“…Dst provides essential information about the strength of the ring current around the Earth caused by the protons and electrons from the solar wind, and it is routinely used as a proxy for geomagnetic storms. The model is developed using an ensemble of Convolutional Neural Networks that are trained using Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SoHO) images (Michelson Doppler Imager, Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Telescope, and Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph). …”
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An Evaluation of Leaf Biomass : Length Ratio as a Tool for Nondestructive Assessment in Eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) by Hector Echavarria-Heras, Elena Solana-Arellano, Kun-Seop Lee, Shinya Hosokawa, Ernesto Franco-Vizcaíno

“…For the data sets considered, the isometric scaling that sustains the weight-to-length proxy always produced inconsistent fittings, and for leaf-lengths greater than a threshold value, the conversion of leaf length to biomass generated biased estimations. …”
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Classifying Economic Areas for Urban Planning using Deep Learning and Satellite Imagery in East Africa by Davy Uwizera, Dr. Charles Ruranga, Prof. Patrick McSharry

“…With the digital revolution, a lot of unstructured data is generated daily that is likely to contain useful proxy data for many economic variables. In this research we focus on satellite imagery data with applications in East Africa. …”
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Cross-domain authentication scheme based on consortium blockchain by Jianlin NIU, Zhiyu REN, Xuehui DU

“…To solve the security problems of traditional cross-domain authentication schemes, such as single point of failure and excessive dependence on third parties, a cross-domain authentication scheme was proposed which combines IBC and consortium blockchain.The consortium blockchain was introduced into the cross-domain authentication scene by designing the layered cross-domain authentication architecture including entity layer, proxy layer, blockchain layer and storage layer.In the storage layer, abstract data format was designed and stored in the chain, and the complete data corresponding to the abstract data was stored in the interplanetary file system under the chain.This safe and reliable on-chain distributed storage scheme solved the limitation problem of on-chain storage caused by introduction of blockchain.Besides, an identity management scheme based on permanent autonomy identity and temporary identity was proposed to solve the challenges that it is difficult to cancel identity and to supervise anonymous identity after combining IBC system.On this basis, complete cross-domain full authentication, re-authentication and key negotiation protocols were designed to implement the cross-domain authentication process.In terms of security, SVO logic was used to analyze the authentication protocol, and the security of the cross-domain authentication protocol was proved.The performance of calculation overhead, communication overhead and consortium blockchain were tested and analyzed by simulation.Analysis results showed that the protocol satisfies the security requirements and has improved calculation overhead performance on both server and client sides, comparing with other related works.In terms of communication overhead, it also has better performance.The query/write latency was tested by the consortium blockchain tool, and the results showed that the scheme has good usability.…”
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Effect of the Cash Support from the Vision Umurenge Programme on Household Financial Behaviour in Rwanda: The Case of Direct Support (DS) by Emmanuel Munyemana, Charles Ruranga, Joseph K. Mung’atu

“…A Maximum Likelihood Method (MLM) approach was employed to model four financial behaviours: (i) saving, (ii) consumption, (iii) investment, and (iv) social transfers as a proxy for community participation. The independent variables include the monetary benefits received by individuals over different periods, alongside demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education level, and area of residence (rural–urban), which were controlled in the analysis. …”
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Establishing Specific Conductance-Chloride Relationships for Quaternary and Bedrock Aquifers in the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area, Minnesota, United States by John R. McDaris, Joshua M. Feinberg, Jonathan Levine, Anthony C. Runkel

“…Paired measurements (N = 2,118) from 1,050 wells collected between 1972 and 2022 allow statistical relationships to be generated for several aquifer units that enable the use of SC as either a direct proxy or qualitative indicator of chloride concentration going forward. …”
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On the Growth and Evolution of Nocturnal Ionospheric Irregularities Using HF Radar Observations Along With Digisonde and GNSS Data Over Trivandrum, India by T. V. Sruthi, G. Manju

“…The altitudinal extent of irregularities predicted by the empirical model also serves as a proxy for the occurrence of plasma bubbles, which has significant adverse implications for communication and navigation systems.…”
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LENDING RATE AND COMMERCIAL BANK LENDING IN NIGERIA by Lateef Adewale Yunusa, Mayowa Ebenezer Ariyibi, Kehinde Isiaq Olaiya, Tolulope Oyakhilome Williams

“…The analysis included the macroeconomic variable growth of bank lending, which is a proxy for bank lending, and the independent variables: lending rate, deposit growth, foreign exchange rate, liquidity rate, money supply, and GDP growth. …”
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El desarrollo en 3D: las claves de las diferencias en la calidad de vida de las regiones by Harvy Vivas Pacheco

“…Las estimaciones de los modelos econométricos sugieren que la urbanización, como proxy del tamaño de los mercados, se relaciona positivamente con un índice de calidad de vida (ICV) y que la concentración de población afrodescendiente y la distancia a los principales mercados presentan una relación negativa y estadísticamente significativa con el ICV.…”
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Reduction in Aviation Volume due to COVID-19 and Changes in Air Pollution near the International Airport in Taiwan by Tuan Hung Ngo, Wen Chi Pan, Alexander Waits

“…We applied cluster analysis to identify TPE contribution to the major air pollutants and estimated their relationship with the number of passengers as a proxy to the flights number. From the airport containing cluster, we observed significant reduction of air pollution concentrations after the travel restrictions. …”
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Stepping Into an Equatorial Plasma Bubble With a Swarm Overfly by L. Spogli, L. Alfonsi, C. Cesaroni

“…Such opportunity envisages the possibility to proxy the impact of EPBs on GNSS signals with Low‐Earth Orbit satellite data provided by future missions specifically dedicated to the characterization of the near‐Earth environment and ionospheric studies.…”
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Surface Albedo Variation and Its Influencing Factors over Dongkemadi Glacier, Central Tibetan Plateau by Jie Wang, Yuhuan Cui, Xiaobo He, Jian Zhang, Shijiang Yan

“…The annual variation of albedo in summer during 2000–2012 has the high relative to that of glacier mass balance measurement, which indicates that glacier albedo in the ablation period can be considered as a proxy for glacier mass balance.…”
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Military Deterrence vs Foreign Interference? Record of the Cold War by I. A. Istomin

“…The stability-instability paradox suggests that increasing destructiveness of the armed forces (especially with the emergence of nuclear weapons) diminishes their utility in response to limited wars, proxy conflicts or economic sanctions. Recent debates often extend the same logic to foreign interference in internal affairs, as they position it as a supplement for forcible rivalries. …”
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Sovereignty and Charted Companies: Objective facts, Subjective Foundations by arezoo rangchian, Seyed erfan Lajevardi

“…In the nineteenth century, domestic public law was the legal system governing charted companies; however, political developments led to the emergence of spheres of influence and the establishment of non-European states; eventually, direct confrontation of European states in the colonial territories led to the formation of nation-states, the elimination of corporate's proxy role despite their efficiency, and the end of charted companies. …”
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Impact of inter-city interactions on disease scaling by Nathalia A. Loureiro, Camilo R. Neto, Jack Sutton, Matjaž Perc, Haroldo V. Ribeiro

“…Here, we use the commuting network as a proxy for inter-city interactions, integrating it with a general scaling framework to describe the incidence of seven infectious diseases across Brazilian cities as a function of population size and the number of commuters. …”
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Wild animals connect us with nature: about awe, eco-pedagogy, and nature-connectedness by Theresa S. S. Schilhab, Gertrud L. Esbensen

“…We point to three effects, as follows: (1) the stimulation of curiosity through animals’ senses and actions, (2) insight into the diversity of nature through animals’ recognisable, yet different behaviour, and (3) the experience of how we depend on the concrete environment by proxy. We elaborate on the implications of these effects on children’s connection to nature. …”
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BOARD CHARACTERISTICS AND CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF LISTED OIL AND GAS COMPANIES IN NIGERIA by Aliyu Abubakar, Yunusa Nasiru, Umar Abubakar

“…While corporate social responsibility was proxy by CSR expenditure. The population consists of twelve (12) listed oil and gas firms from which five (5) firms have consistently published their annual reports within the period covered and extracted data from their respective annual reports. …”
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Forecasting GICs and Geoelectric Fields From Solar Wind Data Using LSTMs: Application in Austria by R. L. Bailey, R. Leonhardt, C. Möstl, C. Beggan, M. A. Reiss, A. Bhaskar, A. J. Weiss

“…Abstract The forecasting of local GIC effects has largely relied on the forecasting of dB/dt as a proxy and, to date, little attention has been paid to directly forecasting the geoelectric field or GICs themselves. …”
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