Administration of PDE4 Inhibitors Suppressed the Pannus-Like Inflammation by Inhibition of Cytokine Production by Macrophages and Synovial Fibroblast Proliferation by Katsuya Kobayashi, Toshio Suda, Haruhiko Manabe, Ichiro Miki

“…The cytokines were measured in the supernatants. The type of cytokines produced in the granuloma was quite similar to those produced in pannus in RA. …”
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Effect of Interferon-γ on the Basal and the TNFα-Stimulated Secretion of CXCL8 in Thyroid Cancer Cell Lines Bearing Either the RET/PTC Rearrangement Or the BRAF V600e Mutation by Mario Rotondi, Francesca Coperchini, Oriana Awwad, Patrizia Pignatti, Christian A. Di Buduo, Vittorio Abbonante, Flavia Magri, Alessandra Balduini, Luca Chiovato

“…CXCL8 and CXCL10 concentrations were measured in the cell supernatants. IFNγ inhibited in a dose-dependent and significant manner both the basal (ANOVA F: 22.759; p<0.00001) and the TNFα-stimulated (ANOVA F: 15.309; p<0.00001) CXCL8 secretions in BCPAP but not in TPC-1 cells (NS). …”
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Studies on the alleviating effect of Bifidobacterium lactis V9 on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice by Xiaoyan Duan, Xiaoyan Duan, Xiaoyan Duan, Xiaoyan Duan, Rilige Wu, Jianbo Li, Jianbo Li, Zeya Li, Yanqi Liu, Ping Chen, Bangmao Wang, Bangmao Wang, Bangmao Wang

“…The expression of the relevant factors in the blood supernatant of the mice was determined by ELISA. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of target genes. …”
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A novel cytoprotective organ perfusion platform for reconstructing homeostasis of DCD liver while alleviating IRI injury by Tingting Lan, Mingxing Yu, Tao Ming, Hong Wang, Juan Deng, Shuhan Cheng, Zhongyang Shen, Deling Kong

“…Additionally, when the supernatant from ADSCs was introduced to LPS‐induced macrophages for 24 h, the BBGs group demonstrated a more pronounced anti‐inflammatory effect, characterized by reduced M1 macrophage expression. …”
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Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Columbianetin on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Junying Lu, Keyong Fang, Shiji Wang, Lingxin Xiong, Chao Zhang, Zhongmin Liu, Xuewa Guan, Ruipeng Zheng, Guoqiang Wang, Jingtong Zheng, Fang Wang

“…Inflammatory cytokine production in culture supernatant was assessed using ELISA assay, and the possible anti-inflammatory pathway of CBT was screened using qPCR array and enrichment analysis with DAVID6.8. …”
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Modulatory Effect of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on IL1β-Induced RANKL, OPG, TNFα, and IL-6 Expression in Human Rheumatoid Synoviocyte MH7A by Xiaoke Feng, Chengyin Lv, Fang Wang, Ke Gan, Miaojia Zhang, Wenfeng Tan

“…A significantly elevated OPG/RANKL ratio and markedly decreased levels of IL-6 and TNFβ mRNA expression in cells and IL-6 protein in supernatants were observed in IL1β-induced MH7A in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 compared with those in the absence of it. …”
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Exosomes derived from syncytia induced by SARS-2-S promote the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by Huilong Li, Huilong Li, Haotian Lin, Haotian Lin, Tinghui Fan, Linfei Huang, Li Zhou, Xiaoyu Tian, Ruzhou Zhao, Yanhong Zhang, Xiaopan Yang, Luming Wan, Hui Zhong, Nan Jiang, Congwen Wei, Wei Chen, Wei Chen, Lihua Hou, Lihua Hou

“…Exosomes were purified from the cell supernatant and verified by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), Western blot (WB) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). …”
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Development of a Recombinant Omicron BA.1 Subunit Vaccine Candidate in Pichia pastoris by Sibel Kalyoncu, Dogu Sayili, Ayca Zeybek Kuyucu, Hakan Soyturk, Seyda Gullu, Busra Ersayan, Ibrahim Oguzhan Tarman, Mehmet Ender Avci, Olcay Mert, Umut Haskok, Ege Tekin, Huseyin Akinturk, Ridvan Orkut, Aysegul Demirtas, Idil Tilmensagir, Ceren Ulker, Bilgi Gungor, Mehmet Inan

“…The receptor binding domain of Omicron BA.1 spike protein (RBD‐Omicron) was produced at 0.35 g/L in supernatant. With a 60% recovery after two‐step purification, RBD‐Omicron showed 99% purity. …”
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Ginsenoside Rg1 Regulates SIRT1 to Ameliorate Sepsis-Induced Lung Inflammation and Injury via Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Inflammation by Qian-Lu Wang, Lei Yang, Yue Peng, Min Gao, Ming-Shi Yang, Wei Xing, Xian-Zhong Xiao

“…Apoptosis of cultured cells was quantified by flow cytometry, along with ELISA for inflammatory cytokines in supernatant. For septic mice, lung tissue pathology was examined, plus ELISA assay for serum cytokines. …”
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Biocontrol yeast Kurtzmaniella quercitrusa BS-AY-S1 controls postharvest green mold of citrus fruit by producing metabolites with antifungal activity by Bi Liao, Ou Chen, Hongyan Zhang, Wenjun Wang, Lanhua Yi, Honghai Li, Kaifang Zeng

“…Furthermore, the antifungal properties of BS-AY-S1 metabolites were evaluated. The fermentation supernatant of BS-AY-S1 effectively inhibited the growth of P. digitatum and controlled green mold in citrus fruit. …”
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Metabolic Phenotyping of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Reveals a Unique Signature and Intrinsic Differences between Fat Pads by Camille Lefevre, Baptiste Panthu, Danielle Naville, Sylvie Guibert, Claudie Pinteur, Bénédicte Elena-Herrmann, Hubert Vidal, Gilles J. P. Rautureau, Anne Mey

“…In this study, we performed high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analyses of ASC culture supernatants in order to characterize their metabolic phenotype in culture. …”
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Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Regulates LPS Induced Inflammation in Rat Macrophages through Autophagy Activation by Zhong-Hui Wang, Wei-Ying Ren, Lei Zhu, Li-Juan Hu

“…ELISA was used to assess the amounts of TNF-α, IL-1β, and PAI-1 in cell culture supernatants; TLR4, MyD88, PAI-1, LC3, Beclin1, and mTOR protein and mRNA levels were determined by western blot and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively; western blot was used to determine NF-κB protein levels. …”
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Assessing the Dark Matter Content of Two Quasar Host Galaxies at z ∼ 6 through Gas Kinematics by Qinyue Fei, John D. Silverman, Seiji Fujimoto, Ran Wang, Luis C. Ho, Manuela Bischetti, Stefano Carniani, Michele Ginolfi, Gareth Jones, Roberto Maiolino, Wiphu Rujopakarn, N. M. Förster Schreiber, Juan M. Espejo Salcedo, L. L. Lee

“…Notably, while the masses of these supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are approximately 1 dex higher than the low-redshift relationship with stellar mass, the closer alignment of SMBH and halo masses with a local relationship may indicate that the early formation of these SMBHs is linked to their dark matter halos, providing insights into the coevolution of galaxies and black holes in the early Universe.…”
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Effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf meal on growth performance, intestinal mucosa activity, digestive enzymes, absorption capacity, and immunity in broiler chickens by B.M. Tokofai, B.M. Orounladji, K. Idoh, O.E. Oke, A. Agbonon

“…To determine immunoglobulins, glutathione and D-xylose, the supernatant was extracted and stored at -20 °C. Supplementation with VALM did not significantly influence the relative weights of organs in the different treatments. …”
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<i>In vitro</i> assay of biological activity of a national preparation of macrophage activating factor (GcMAF-RF) by E. V. Levites, S. S. Kirikovich, E. V. Dolgova, A. S. Proskurina, G. S. Ritter, А. A. Ostanin, E. R. Chernykh, S. S. Bogachev

“…The level of NO production was estimated by the accumulation of nitrogen monoxide in the culture supernatants of peritoneal macrophages by the colorimetric method using the Griess reagent. …”
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Rapid and Efficient Purification of Functional Collectin-12 and Its Opsonic Activity against Fungal Pathogens by Jie Zhang, Anna Li, Chang-qing Yang, Peter Garred, Ying Jie Ma

“…Recombinant CL-12 was purified from cell culture supernatants using a 3-step rapid purification procedure utilizing disposable affinity and ion exchange minicolumns. …”
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Role of Regulatory B Cells in the Progression of Cervical Cancer by Zhifang Chen, Yuejie Zhu, Rong Du, Nannan Pang, Fengbo Zhang, Di Dong, Jianbing Ding, Yan Ding

“…The level of IL-10 in the culture supernatant of Bregs treated with CpG was significantly higher than that of non-Bregs (P<0.05). …”
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Functional Verification of Differentially Expressed Genes Following DENV2 Infection in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> by Xiaoli Chen, Xinyu Zhou, Xiaoxue Xie, Bo Li, Teng Zhao, Haotian Yu, Dan Xing, Jiahong Wu, Chunxiao Li

“…After overexpressing 24 DEGs in Aag2 cells, 19 DEGs showed a significant difference in DENV2 RNA copies in the cell supernatant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In adult mosquitoes, knocking down defensin-A, defensin-A-like, and SMCT1 respectively reduced the DENV2 RNA copies, while knocking down UGT2B1 and ND4 respectively increased the DENV2 RNA copies. …”
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Tolterodine is a novel candidate for assessing CYP3A4 activity through metabolic volatiles to predict drug responses by Valentina Stock, Rebecca Hofer, Franziska Lochmann, Vera Spanke, Klaus R. Liedl, Jakob Troppmair, Thierry Langer, Hubert Gstach, Christian Dank, Chris A. Mayhew, Sarah Kammerer, Veronika Ruzsanyi

“…In vitro biotransformation of tolterodine by HepG2 cells overexpressing CYP3A4, CYP2D6 or CYP2C9 was investigated by LC-MS analysis of cell culture supernatant for the non-volatile metabolite, N-dealkylated tolterodine, and PTR-ToF-MS analysis of the headspace for acetone. …”
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Extreme Scale Height Variations and Nozzle Shocks in Warped Disks by Nicholas Kaaz, Yoram Lithwick, Matthew Liska, Alexander Tchekhovskoy

“…Accretion disks around both stellar-mass and supermassive black holes (BHs) are likely often warped. …”
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