Ethanol Disrupts the Protective Crosstalk Between Macrophages and HBV-Infected Hepatocytes by Murali Ganesan, Anup S. Pathania, Grace Bybee, Kusum K. Kharbanda, Larisa Y. Poluektova, Natalia A. Osna

“…We found that exposure of HepG2.2.15 cells to an acetaldehyde-generating system (AGS) increased HBV RNA, HBV DNA, and cccDNA expressions and suppressed the activation of ISGs, <i>APOBEC3G</i>, <i>ISG15</i>, and <i>OAS1</i>. Supernatants collected from IFNα-activated MDMs decreased HBV marker levels and induced ISG activation in AGS-treated and untreated HepG2.215 cells. …”
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Differences in the Antigens of Helicobacter pylori Strains Influence on the Innate Immune Response in the In Vitro Experiments by Miha Skvarc, Andreja Natasa Kopitar, Janko Kos, Natasa Obermajer, Bojan Tepes

“…Cathepsin X expression on THP-1 cells and concentration of cytokines in the supernatant of THP-1 cells were measured with a flow cytometer. …”
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Systematic Search for Long-term Trends in Fermi-LAT Jetted Active Galactic Nuclei by P. Peñil, A. Domínguez, S. Buson, M. Ajello, S. Adhikari, A. Rico

“…These long-term trends may originate from the dynamics of a supermassive black hole binary system, or they could be the result of intrinsic phenomena within the jet itself. …”
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Interaction of an Outflow with Surrounding Gaseous Clouds as the Origin of Late-time Radio Flares in Tidal Disruption Events by Jialun Zhuang, Rong-Feng Shen, Guobin Mou, Wenbin Lu

“…Close encounter between a star and a supermassive black hole (SMBH) results in the tidal disruption of the star, known as a tidal disruption event (TDE). …”
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Parasitic Contamination of Commonly Consumed Fresh Leafy Vegetables in Benha, Egypt by Maysa Ahmad Eraky, Samia Mostafa Rashed, Mona El-Sayed Nasr, Azza Mohammed Salah El-Hamshary, Amera Salah El-Ghannam

“…Samples were washed in saline, and the resulting washing solution was filtered and centrifuged to concentrate the parasitic stages. Sediments and supernatants were examined by iodine and modified Ziehl-Neelsen stained smears. …”
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15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 Induces Apoptosis and Upregulates SOCS3 in Human Thyroid Cancer Cells by Carlos Antônio Trindade-da-Silva, Carolina Fernandes Reis, Lara Vecchi, Marcelo Henrique Napimoga, Marcelo Sperandio, Bruna França Matias Colombo, Patrícia Terra Alves, Laura Sterian Ward, Carlos Ueira-Vieira, Luiz Ricardo Goulart

“…In the present study, we evaluated the effect of 15d-PGJ2 in human thyroid papillary carcinoma cells (TPC-1) using different doses of 15d-PGJ2 (0.6 to 20 μM) to determine IC50 (9.3 μM) via the MTT assay. The supernatant culture medium of the TPC-1 cells that was treated either with 15d-PGJ2 or with vehicle (control) for 24 hours was assessed for IL-6 secretion via CBA assay. …”
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Activating PKC-ε induces HIV expression with improved tolerability. by Alivelu M Irrinki, Jasmine Kaur, Bally Randhawa, Ryan McFadden, Chelsea Snyder, Hoa Truong, Daniel Soohoo, Eric Hu, Helen Yu, Bernard P Murray, Bing Lu, Dmytro Kornyeyev, Ishak Darryl Irwan, Lan Nguyen, Yu-San Yang, Jean-Philippe Belzile, Uli Schmitz, Todd C Appleby, Brian Schultz, Jay Lalezari, Steven Deeks, Tomas Cihlar, Jeffrey P Murry

“…C-233 increased both supernatant HIV RNA and p24 expression ex vivo after treatment of CD4+ T cells from ART-suppressed people with HIV. …”
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Interleukin-18 Increases TLR4 and Mannose Receptor Expression and Modulates Cytokine Production in Human Monocytes by Luciane Alarcão Dias-Melicio, Reginaldo Keller Fernandes, Daniela Ramos Rodrigues, Marjorie Assis Golim, Angela Maria Victoriano Campos Soares

“…Monocytes from healthy donors were stimulated or not with IL-18 for 18 h, and then the TLR2, TLR4, and MR expression and intracellular TNF-α, IL-12, and IL-10 production were assessed by flow cytometry and the levels of TNF-α, IL-12, IL-15, and IL-10 in culture supernatants were measured by ELISA. IL-18 treatment was able to increase TLR4 and MR expression by monocytes. …”
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Intrauterine Growth Restriction: Cytokine Profiles of Trophoblast Antigen-Stimulated Maternal Lymphocytes by Raj Raghupathy, Majedah Al-Azemi, Fawaz Azizieh

“…Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with trophoblast antigens and levels of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-23, IFNγ, and TNFα and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured in culture supernatants by ELISA. IL-8 was produced at higher levels by blood cells of the IUGR group than normal pregnant women, while IL-13 was produced at lower levels. …”
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Effect of cyclosporin A on inflammatory cytokine production by U937 monocyte-like cells by Juan E. Losa Garcia, María Rosa Martín de Cabo, Fernando Mateos Rodríguez, Jesús Pérez Losada, Antonio Jiménez López, José Luis Pérez Arellano

“…Interleukin-1g (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6 and IL-8 levels were measured in supernatants using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. …”
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Restoration of a Critical Mandibular Bone Defect Using Human Alveolar Bone-Derived Stem Cells and Porous Nano-HA/Collagen/PLA Scaffold by Xing Wang, Helin Xing, Guilan Zhang, Xia Wu, Xuan Zou, Lin Feng, Dongsheng Wang, Meng Li, Jing Zhao, Jianwei Du, Yan Lv, Lingling E, Hongchen Liu

“…Scanning electron microscopy, a cell proliferation assay, and supernatant detection indicated that the nHAC/PLA provided a suitable environment for aBMSCs. …”
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Deviations in Circulating TNFα Levels and TNFα Production by Mononuclear Cells in Healthy Human Populations by T. Mózes, I. Baráth, K. Gornicsar, A. Grosz, Ta. Mózes, Cs. Göndöcs, P. Széphalmi, K. Gaál, E. Madarász

“…Blood samples were taken; lympho/monocytes were separated and cultured with or without endotoxin (LPS) stimulation. Serum and culture supernatant TNFα levels were determined by bioassay using WEHI 164 cells. …”
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Pancreatic Acinar Cells Employ miRNAs as Mediators of Intercellular Communication to Participate in the Regulation of Pancreatitis-Associated Macrophage Activation by Yong Zhao, Hao Wang, Ming Lu, Xin Qiao, Bei Sun, Weihui Zhang, Dongbo Xue

“…Additionally, the precipitates obtained from ultracentrifugation of the culture media that were rich in exosomes were markedly more potent in activating macrophages compared with the supernatant fraction lacking exosomes. The results indicated that the mediators carried by the exosomes played important roles in macrophage activation. …”
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Establishment of a Model of Microencapsulated SGC7901 Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells Cocultured with Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Jin-Ming Zhu, Xiu-Lian Quan, Shi-Chao Han, Xue-Jun Fan, He-Ming Li, Shan-Shan Liang, Xi Chen, Ruo-Yu Wang, Xue-Ning Ji

“…Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expressions were detected in the supernatant of microencapsulated cells cocultured with TAMs but not in microencapsulated cells. …”
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Conditioned Media from Adipose-Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Downregulate Degradative Mediators Induced by Interleukin-1β in Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes by Julia Platas, Maria Isabel Guillén, María Dolores Pérez del Caz, Francisco Gomar, Vicente Mirabet, Maria José Alcaraz

“…CM enhanced type II collagen expression in OA chondrocytes while decreasing matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in cell supernatants as well as the levels of MMP-3 and MMP-13 proteins and mRNA in OA chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin- (IL-) 1β. …”
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Culture and Characterization of Microglia from the Adult Murine Retina by Gayathri Devarajan, Mei Chen, Elizabeth Muckersie, Heping Xu

“…Higher yield was obtained when retinal single-cell suspension was cultured at the density of 0.75×106 cells per cm2 in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM)/F12 + Glutamax supplement with 20% fetal calf serum (FCS) and 20% L929 supernatant. We identified day 10 to be the optimum day of microglial isolation. …”
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The Blockade of IL6 Counterparts the Osmolar Stress-Induced Apoptosis in Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cells by Hee-Jung Ju, Yong-Soo Byun, Jee-Won Mok, Choun-Ki Joo

“…The expression of IL6 level was measured in the supernatant of each conditioned medium. Cell viability/apoptosis assay was performed using Annexin V/Propidium Iodide (PI) and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8). …”
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Study of the Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Phenylurea Compounds on Neurohypophysis Cells In Vitro by Krisztián Sepp, Zsolt Molnár, Anna M. László, Tünde Alapi, László Tóth, Andrea Serester, Zsuzsanna Valkusz, Márta Gálfi, Marianna Radács

“…OT and AVP hormone contents in the supernatant media were measured by radioimmunoassay. …”
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The Applicability of Limiting Phase Angle Temperatures for Specifying Asphalt Binder Low Temperature Performance by Kristjan Lill, Karli Kontson, Andrus Aavik

“…Samples were tested to measure their needle penetration, Superpave Grades, Fraass breaking points, AASHTO TP 122-16 limiting low temperature grades and limiting 30° phase angle temperatures. …”
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Prebiotic Properties and High-Density Culture of Bifidobacterium longum B2-01, a Strain Isolated from the Intestinal Tract of Infants by PENG Yunyan, ZHONG Shuying, LIU Dongmei, XU Xilin

“…At the highest concentration of 10% (V/V) in the fermentation supernatant of DMEM medium, strain B2-01 increased the survival rates of L02 cells against hydrogen peroxide damage and alcohol damage to 89.10% and 91.38%, respectively, while significantly reducing the transaminase activity in hepatocytes. …”
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