Medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances created by primary gravity waves generated by a winter storm by Kogure Masaru, Chou Min-Yang, Yue Jia, Otsuka Yuichi, Liu Huixin, Sassi Fabrizio, Pedatella Nicholas, Randall Cora E., Harvey V. Lynn

“…GWs with ~500–700 km horizontal wavelengths propagated southward and northward in the thermosphere over the north-central USA. …”
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An investigation on the wind profiles and gravity wave dynamics in MLT region based on the meteor radars from the Meridian Project by Tai Liu, Zhe Wang, MengXi Shi, Willie Soon, ShiCan Qiu

“…The meridional GW flux varies gradually from northward to southward with height, and the annual periodicity is stronger. …”
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Long-term variability and trends in the Agulhas Leakage and its impacts on the global overturning by H. Großelindemann, H. Großelindemann, F. S. Castruccio, G. Danabasoglu, A. Biastoch, A. Biastoch

“…Agulhas Leakage is expected to increase under a warming climate due to a southward shift in the Southern Hemisphere westerlies, which could further influence the AMOC dynamics. …”
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Water Quality Index of the Tigris River in the Central of Iraq by Noor A. H. Alharbawee, Ahmed Jasim Mohammed, Wesam Mahmood

“…This is mostly caused by the increase of agricultural, domestic, and industrial activities that increase the amount of pollution in the river when the water is flowing southward. …”
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Research on Stability Evaluation of Landslide Sourcein Bayi Gully Basin in Wenchuan Earthquake Area by WANG Xiaodi

“…The results indicate that the distributed dominant elevation,slope, slope direction and distance from the gully of the landslide source in the unstable statewere 1 500~2 100 m, 45~60°, slightly southward, 50~100 m. The research model has certainapplicability and reference in the risk assessment of landslide and debris flow in debris flowbasin after the earthquake.…”
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Élaboration d’un cadre chronostratigraphique pour le Pléistocène de la région Centre-Val de Loire (France) : présentation du projet de recherche et des premiers résultats by Céline Coussot, Morgane Liard

“…Over the past years, the preventive archaeological investigations carried out by the French institute Inrap in the Centre-Val de Loire Region of France, have revealed Pleistocene sequences of silt in the Beauce area and of alluvia southward in the Loire valley around the city of Orléans. …”
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Impacts of Abnormal Heating of Tibetan Plateau on Rossby Wave Activity and Hazards Related to Snow and Ice in South China by Yuyue Fan, Guoping Li, Huiguo Lu

“…The results show that (1) anomalous heating of the TP helps to form and sustain the Siberian blocking high, which is important for persistent southward flow of dry and cold Siberian air; (2) TP heating helps the moisture flux move more north and strengthens the southerly wind above 850 hPa; (3) there are two Rossby wave trains at 500 hPa and the layers above it (at about 20∘N–40∘N). …”
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Impacts of Future Climate Changes on Shifting Patterns of the Agro-Ecological Zones in China by Yingzhi Lin, Anping Liu, Enjun Ma, Fan Zhang

“…The shifting patterns of AEZs will be characterized by northward expansion of humid AEZs to subhumid AEZs in south China, eastward expansion of arid AEZs to dry and moist semiarid AEZs in north China, and southward expansion of dry semiarid AEZs to arid AEZs in southwest China.…”
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Response of the Thermosphere‐Ionosphere System to an X‐Class Solar Flare: 30 March 2022 Case Study by Volkan Sarp, Erdal Yiğit, Ali Kilcik

“…Simulation results reveal that the coinciding interplanetary magnetic field southward turning had a greater influence on these parameters compared to the solar flare, while their nonlinear interaction introduced complex variations. …”
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Revisiting the Last Ice Area projections from a high-resolution Global Earth System Model by Madeleine Fol, Bruno Tremblay, Stephanie Pfirman, Robert Newton, Stephen Howell, Jean-François Lemieux

“…Under a high-end forcing scenario, the sea ice of the Last Ice Area thins and becomes more mobile, resulting in a large export southward. Under this potentially worst-case scenario, sea ice of the Last Ice Area could disappear a little more than one decade after the central Arctic Ocean has reached seasonally ice-free conditions. …”
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Influence of microstructure on fatigue property of ultra high-strength steels by Kanji OKUDA, Kazuhiro OGAWA, Yuji ICHIKAWA, Tsuyoshi SHIOZAKI, Naoki YAMAGUCHI

“…Fatigue crack observation revealed that the cracks initiated in 590 MPa class steel, 980 MPa class bainitic, and martensitic steel propagated southward from the lowest bottom of notch. Although similar initial crack propagation pattern was detected in precipitation hardening steel, the crack changed direction when it reached the central part of the specimen.…”
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Spatial allocation and sustainable development: a study of production-living-ecological spaces in the Yangtze River Delta by Shangbo Li, Yong Chen, Qinshi Huang

“…The key findings are as follows: (1) The proportion of Production-Living Space (PLS) increased from 9% in 2000 to 14% in 2020, with projections indicating further growth to 15% by both 2030 and 2040, while Ecological Space (ES) remained relatively stable; (2) The coupling coordination between the stages of PLES evolved from mild disharmony to weak coordination, reflecting a shift from localized improvements to broader, more integrated spatial development; (3) The spatial distribution of PLES coupling exhibited significant heterogeneity, characterized by higher values in the eastern region, lower values in the western region, and a pattern of concentration in the north and dispersion southward. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the spatial dynamics of PLES and provide strategic recommendations for optimizing the spatial layout of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, thereby promoting sustainable urban development.…”
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Investigating the Trip of a Transformer in Sweden During the 24 April 2023 Storm by A. P. Dimmock, V. Lanabere, A. Johlander, L. Rosenqvist, E. Yordanova, S. Buchert, S. Molenkamp, J. Setréus

“…This was triggered by a high‐pressure sub‐structure within the interplanetary coronal mass ejection cloud, preceded by 2 hr of strong southward interplanetary magnetic field. Additionally, analysis of multiple ground magnetometers shows that the geomagnetic impact was highly spatially structured.…”
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High‐Resolution 3‐D Imaging of Daytime Sporadic‐E Over Japan by Using GNSS TEC and Ionosondes by Weizheng Fu, Nicholas Ssessanga, Tatsuhiro Yokoyama, Mamoru Yamamoto

“…East‐West (E‐W) aligned frontal structures, spanning several hundred kilometers, migrating northward in the morning and southward in the afternoon, were observed. The new technique effectively tracks the Es‐height variation over time, which had proved difficult to reproduce in earlier tempts at 3‐D Es reconstructions.…”
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Terminated Main Himalayan Thrust, evidence of Pre-Siwalik Tertiary rocks beneath and evolution of NW Himalayan foreland basin by Madhab Biswas, Kalachand Sain

“…The study discovered that the MHT is unusually terminated southward below the SMA at a depth of~ 4700 ms two-way time (TWT), and thus not exposed on the surface as the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), and is underlain by Pre-Siwalik Tertiary formation. …”
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Climate Change Indicators and Spatiotemporal Shift in Monsoon Patterns in Pakistan by Fasiha Safdar, Muhammad Fahim Khokhar, Muhammad Arshad, Iftikhar Hussain Adil

“…., 17.58 mm/year accompanied by 0.18°C increase in temperature. A southward spatial shift in monsoon rainfall occurrence (rainfall ≥2.5 mm/day) is observed while an eastward shift in moderate to heavy monsoon rainfall is identified. …”
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Time‐Lagged Effects of Ionospheric Response to Severe Geomagnetic Storms on GNSS Kinematic Precise Point Positioning by Zhe Yang, Y. T. Jade Morton

“…These variations are driven by ionospheric responses to a southward interplanetary magnetic field and subsequent decreases in the SMY‐H index during the 2015 St. …”
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Investigating Potential Causes for the Prediction of Spurious Magnetopause Crossings at Geosynchronous Orbit in MHD Simulations by Pauline M. Dredger, Ramon E. Lopez, Yaireska M. Collado‐Vega, Shreeya Khurana, Lutz M. Rastaetter

“…More work is needed to fully characterize the response of each code under strong southward IMF conditions as it relates to prediction of magnetopause location.…”
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Pre-, Co-, and Post-Failure Deformation Analysis of the Catastrophic Xinjing Open-Pit Coal Mine Landslide, China, from Optical and Radar Remote Sensing Observations by Fengnian Chang, Houyu Li, Shaochun Dong, Hongwei Yin

“…The results revealed pre-failure acceleration at the slope toe, large-scale southward displacement during collapse, and ongoing deformation across the mine area due to mining operations and waste accumulation. …”
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Interannual Variability and Trends in Extreme Precipitation in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica by Lejiang Yu, Shiyuan Zhong, Svetlana Jagovkina, Cuijuan Sui, Bo Sun

“…The synoptic pattern driving extreme precipitation events is characterized by a dipole of negative and positive height anomalies to the west and east of the station, respectively, which directs southward water vapor flux into the region. Interannual variability in extreme precipitation days shows a significant correlation with the Niño 3.4 index during the austral winter semester (May–October). …”
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