Evaluating Diagnostic Accuracy and Treatment Efficacy in Mental Health: A Comparative Analysis of Large Language Model Tools and Mental Health Professionals by Inbar Levkovich

“…However, in more complex cases, such as early schizophrenia, LLM performance varied, with ChatGPT-4 achieving only 55% accuracy, while other LLMs and professionals performed better. …”
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Performance of Large Language Models on the Korean Dental Licensing Examination: A Comparative Study by Woojun Kim, Bong Chul Kim, Han-Gyeol Yeom

“…Purpose: This study investigated the potential application of large language models (LLMs) in dental education and practice, with a focus on ChatGPT and Claude3-Opus. …”
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Evaluating and Enhancing Japanese Large Language Models for Genetic Counseling Support: Comparative Study of Domain Adaptation and the Development of an Expert-Evaluated Dataset by Takuya Fukushima, Masae Manabe, Shuntaro Yada, Shoko Wakamiya, Akiko Yoshida, Yusaku Urakawa, Akiko Maeda, Shigeyuki Kan, Masayo Takahashi, Eiji Aramaki

“…Three enhancement techniques of LLMs—instruction tuning, RAG, and prompt engineering—were applied to a lightweight Japanese LLM to enhance its ability for genetic counseling. …”
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Large language model usage guidelines in Korean medical journals: a survey using human-artificial intelligence collaboration by Sangzin Ahn

“…Background Large language models (LLMs), the most recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), have profoundly affected academic publishing and raised important ethical and practical concerns. …”
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Current applications and challenges in large language models for patient care: a systematic review by Felix Busch, Lena Hoffmann, Christopher Rueger, Elon HC van Dijk, Rawen Kader, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Marcus R. Makowski, Luca Saba, Martin Hadamitzky, Jakob Nikolas Kather, Daniel Truhn, Renato Cuocolo, Lisa C. Adams, Keno K. Bressem

“…Despite the popularity of LLMs, there is a significant gap in systematized information on their use in patient care. …”
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Bridging the gap: a practical step-by-step approach to warrant safe implementation of large language models in healthcare by Jessica D. Workum, Jessica D. Workum, Jessica D. Workum, Davy van de Sande, Davy van de Sande, Diederik Gommers, Diederik Gommers, Michel E. van Genderen, Michel E. van Genderen

“…In this paper, we propose a practical step-by-step approach to bridge this gap and support healthcare organizations and providers in warranting the responsible and safe implementation of LLMs into healthcare. The recommendations in this manuscript include protecting patient privacy, adapting models to healthcare-specific needs, adjusting hyperparameters appropriately, ensuring proper medical prompt engineering, distinguishing between clinical decision support (CDS) and non-CDS applications, systematically evaluating LLM outputs using a structured approach, and implementing a solid model governance structure. …”
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AI language model rivals expert ethicist in perceived moral expertise by Danica Dillion, Debanjan Mondal, Niket Tandon, Kurt Gray

“…Recent work suggests that large language models (LLMs) perform well on tasks designed to assess moral alignment, reflecting moral judgments with relatively high accuracy. …”
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Large language models for causal hypothesis generation in science by Kai-Hendrik Cohrs, Emiliano Diaz, Vasileios Sitokonstantinou, Gherardo Varando, Gustau Camps-Valls

“…Debates persist around LLMs’ causal reasoning capacities. However, rather than engaging in philosophical debates, we propose integrating LLMs into a scientific framework for causal hypothesis generation alongside expert knowledge and data. …”
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Interacting Large Language Model Agents Bayesian Social Learning Based Interpretable Models by Adit Jain, Vikram Krishnamurthy

“…First, we show using Bayesian revealed preferences from microeconomics that an individual LLMA satisfies the necessary and sufficient conditions for rationally inattentive (bounded rationality) Bayesian utility maximization and, given an observation, the LLMA chooses an action that maximizes a regularized utility. …”
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Extracting Fruit Disease Knowledge from Research Papers Based on Large Language Models and Prompt Engineering by Yunqiao Fei, Jingchao Fan, Guomin Zhou

“…The K-Extract method has constructed a comprehensive classification system for fruit tree diseases and, through a series of optimized prompt questions, effectively overcomes the deficiencies of LLM models in providing factual accuracy. This paper tests multiple LLM models available in the Chinese market, and the results show that K-Extract can seamlessly integrate with any conversational LLM model, with the DeepSeek model and the Kimi model performing particularly well. …”
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Research on multimodal social media information popularity prediction based on large language model by WANG Jie, WANG Zitong, PENG Yan, HAO Bowen

“…Experiments show MultiSmpLLM outperforms conventional multimodal prediction models and multimodal large language models such as GPT-4o.…”
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On the legal implications of Large Language Model answers: A prompt engineering approach and a view beyond by exploiting Knowledge Graphs by George Hannah, Rita T. Sousa, Ioannis Dasoulas, Claudia d’Amato

“…With the recent surge in popularity of Large Language Models (LLMs), there is the rising risk of users blindly trusting the information in the response. …”
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Decoding substance use disorder severity from clinical notes using a large language model by Maria Mahbub, Gregory M. Dams, Sudarshan Srinivasan, Caitlin Rizy, Ioana Danciu, Jodie Trafton, Kathryn Knight

“…Large language models (LLMs) offer promise in overcoming these challenges by adapting to diverse language patterns. …”
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An appraisal-based chain-of-emotion architecture for affective language model game agents. by Maximilian Croissant, Madeleine Frister, Guy Schofield, Cade McCall

“…Large language models (LLMs) might address these issues by tapping common patterns in situational appraisal. …”
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Standardized patient profile review using large language models for case adjudication in observational research by Martijn J. Schuemie, Anna Ostropolets, Aleh Zhuk, Uladzislau Korsik, Seung In Seo, Marc A. Suchard, George Hripcsak, Patrick B. Ryan

“…We tested four LLMs including GPT-4, hosted locally to ensure privacy. …”
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Incremental accumulation of linguistic context in artificial and biological neural networks by Refael Tikochinski, Ariel Goldstein, Yoav Meiri, Uri Hasson, Roi Reichart

“…Abstract Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown success in predicting neural signals associated with narrative processing, but their approach to integrating context over large timescales differs fundamentally from that of the human brain. …”
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Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models via a Low-Rank Gradient Estimator by Luoming Zhang, Zhenyu Lou, Yangwei Ying, Cheng Yang, Hong Zhou

“…We validated LoGE’s efficacy through comprehensive experiments across various models on various tasks. For the widely used LLaMA model equipped with LoRA, LoGE achieves up to a 1.3× speedup while maintaining graceful accuracy.…”
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Zero-BertXGB: An Empirical Technique for Abstract Classification in Systematic Reviews by Mohammad Shariful Islam, Mohammad Abu Tareq Rony, Md Rasel Hossain, Samah Alshathri, Walid El-Shafai

“…The Zero-BertXGB technique is compared against other prominent LLMs, including BERT, PaLM, LLaMA, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4, to validate its effectiveness. …”
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An Embodied Intelligence System for Coal Mine Safety Assessment Based on Multi-Level Large Language Models by Yi Sun, Faxiu Ji

“…Artificial intelligence (AI), particularly through advanced large language model (LLM) technologies, is reshaping coal mine safety assessment methods with its powerful cognitive capabilities. …”
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A positive spin: large language models can help directors evaluate programs through their patients' own words by Leah Russell Flaherty, Kendra H. Oliver

“…This study provides an example of the feasibility of evaluating patient responses (n = 82) to Empowered Relief, a skill-based pain education class using LLMs. We utilized a dual-method analytical approach, with both LLM-assisted and supported manual thematic review. …”
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