Reactive nitrogen in and around the northeastern and mid-Atlantic US: sources, sinks, and connections with ozone by M. Huang, M. Huang, G. R. Carmichael, K. W. Bowman, I. De Smedt, A. Colliander, M. H. Cosh, S. V. Kumar, A. B. Guenther, S. J. Janz, R. M. Stauffer, A. M. Thompson, N. M. Fedkin, R. J. Swap, J. D. Bolten, A. T. Joseph

“…We estimate reactive nitrogen (Nr <span class="inline-formula">=</span> NO<span class="inline-formula">_<i>y</i>+</span> NH<span class="inline-formula">_<i>x</i></span>) emissions from various sources, surface and column nitrogen dioxide (NO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>), and total and speciated Nr dry and wet deposition during 2018–2023 over the northeastern and mid-Atlantic US where nitrogen-oxide-limited or transitional chemical regimes dominate. …”
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A compilation of surface inherent optical properties and phytoplankton pigment concentrations from the Atlantic Meridional Transect by T. M. Jordan, G. Dall'Olmo, G. Tilstone, R. J. W. Brewin, F. Nencioli, R. Airs, C. S. Thomas, L. Schlüter

“…<p>In situ measurements of particulate inherent optical properties (IOPs) – absorption (<span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i>_p(<i>λ</i>)</span>), scattering (<span class="inline-formula"><i>b</i>_p(<i>λ</i>)</span>), and beam attenuation (<span class="inline-formula"><i>c</i>_p(<i>λ</i>)</span>) – are crucial for the development of optical algorithms that retrieve biogeochemical quantities such as chlorophyll <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i></span>, particulate organic carbon (POC), and total suspended matter (TSM). …”
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The effects of wind farm wakes on freezing sea spray in the mid-Atlantic offshore wind energy areas by D. Rosencrans, D. Rosencrans, J. K. Lundquist, J. K. Lundquist, J. K. Lundquist, M. Optis, M. Optis, N. Bodini

“…Over the 2019–2020 winter season, results suggest that sea-spray-induced icing can occur up to 67 <span class="inline-formula">h</span> per month at 10 m at higher latitudes. …”
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Age, Growth and Mortality Rates of Symphodus tinca (Osteichthyes: Labridae) in Izmir Bay (NE Aegean Sea) by Okan Akyol, Gülnur Metin

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A machine-learning reconstruction of sea surface <i>p</i>CO₂ in the North American Atlantic Coastal Ocean Margin from 1993 to 2021 by Z. Wu, Z. Wu, W. Lu, A. Roobaert, L. Song, X.-H. Yan, W.-J. Cai

“…Earlier <span class="inline-formula"><i>p</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> products have difficulties in capturing the heterogeneity of regional variations and decadal trends of <span class="inline-formula"><i>p</i></span>CO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> in the North American Atlantic Coastal Ocean Margin (NAACOM). …”
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Data supporting the North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study (ACSIS) programme, including atmospheric composition; oceanographic and sea-ice observations (2016–2022); and out... by A. T. Archibald, A. T. Archibald, B. Sinha, M. R. Russo, M. R. Russo, E. Matthews, F. A. Squires, N. L. Abraham, N. L. Abraham, S. J.-B. Bauguitte, T. J. Bannan, T. G. Bell, D. Berry, L. J. Carpenter, H. Coe, H. Coe, A. Coward, P. Edwards, P. Edwards, D. Feltham, D. Heard, J. Hopkins, J. Hopkins, J. Keeble, J. Keeble, E. C. Kent, B. A. King, I. R. Lawrence, I. R. Lawrence, J. Lee, J. Lee, C. R. Macintosh, A. Megann, B. I. Moat, K. Read, K. Read, C. Reed, M. J. Roberts, R. Schiemann, D. Schroeder, T. J. Smyth, L. Temple, N. Thamban, L. Whalley, L. Whalley, S. Williams, H. Wu, M. Yang

“…</p> <p>Atmospheric composition datasets include measurements from seven aircraft campaigns (45 flights in total, 0–10 km altitude range) in the northeastern Atlantic (<span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 15–55° N, <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 40° W–5° E) made at intervals of 6 months to 2 years between February 2017 and May 2022. …”
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Soil smoldering in temperate forests: a neglected contributor to fire carbon emissions revealed by atmospheric mixing ratios by L. Vallet, L. Vallet, C. Abdallah, T. Lauvaux, L. Joly, M. Ramonet, P. Ciais, M. Lopez, I. Xueref-Remy, F. Mouillot

“…We assessed the <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">CO</mi><mn mathvariant="normal">2</mn></msub></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="45pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="356b6e8878f951fcbd552c4e835ac995"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="bg-22-213-2025-ie00001.svg" width="45pt" height="14pt" src="bg-22-213-2025-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> ratio released by major fires in the Mediterranean, Atlantic pine, and Atlantic temperate forests of France. …”
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Long-term variability and trends in the Agulhas Leakage and its impacts on the global overturning by H. Großelindemann, H. Großelindemann, F. S. Castruccio, G. Danabasoglu, A. Biastoch, A. Biastoch

“…The simulated Agulhas Leakage transport of 19.7 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 3 Sv lies well within the observed range of 21.3 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 4.7 Sv. …”
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The very-high-resolution configuration of the EC-Earth global model for HighResMIP by E. Moreno-Chamarro, E. Moreno-Chamarro, E. Moreno-Chamarro, T. Arsouze, T. Arsouze, M. Acosta, P.-A. Bretonnière, M. Castrillo, E. Ferrer, A. Frigola, D. Kuznetsova, E. Martin-Martinez, P. Ortega, S. Palomas

“…The model features an atmospheric resolution of <span class="inline-formula">∼16</span> km and an oceanic resolution of <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><mn mathvariant="normal">1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn mathvariant="normal">12</mn></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="27pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="a2879ce90a471c2a13686af16fab0d0a"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="gmd-18-461-2025-ie00001.svg" width="27pt" height="14pt" src="gmd-18-461-2025-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>° (<span class="inline-formula">∼8</span> km), which makes it one of the finest combined resolutions ever used to complete historical and scenario-like CMIP6 simulations. …”
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EdgeSecureDP: Strengthening IoHTs Differential Privacy Through Graphvariate Skellam by Mohamed Amjath, Shagufta Henna

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Assessment of the southern polar and subpolar warming in the PMIP4 last interglacial simulations using paleoclimate data syntheses by Q. Gao, Q. Gao, Q. Gao, E. Capron, L. C. Sime, R. H. Rhodes, R. Sivankutty, X. Zhang, B. L. Otto-Bliesner, M. Werner

“…<p>Given relatively abundant paleo-proxies, the study of the last interglacial (LIG, <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 129–116 000 years ago, ka) is valuable to understanding the responses and feedback of the Southern Ocean and Antarctica in a warmer-than-preindustrial climate. …”
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Tropical upper-tropospheric trends in ozone and carbon monoxide (2005–2020): observational and model results by L. Froidevaux, D. E. Kinnison, B. Gaubert, M. J. Schwartz, N. J. Livesey, W. G. Read, C. G. Bardeen, J. R. Ziemke, J. R. Ziemke, R. A. Fuller

“…Our analyses of gridded MLS data yield positive O<span class="inline-formula">₃</span> trends (up to 1.4 % yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>) over Indonesia and east of that region, as well as over Africa and the Atlantic. …”
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Particle fluxes by subtropical pelagic communities under ocean alkalinity enhancement by P. Suessle, J. Taucher, S. U. Goldenberg, M. Baumann, K. Spilling, K. Spilling, A. Noche-Ferreira, A. Noche-Ferreira, M. Vanharanta, M. Vanharanta, U. Riebesell

“…We enhanced total alkalinity (TA) in increments of 300 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>mol kg<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>, reaching up to <span class="inline-formula">Δ</span>TA <span class="inline-formula">=</span> 2400 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>mol kg<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> compared to ambient TA. …”
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A long-term drought reconstruction based on oxygen isotope tree ring data for central and eastern parts of Europe (Romania) by V. Nagavciuc, V. Nagavciuc, G. Helle, M. Rădoane, C.-C. Roibu, M.-G. Cotos, M. Ionita, M. Ionita

“…Analysis of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns revealed a link between high <span class="inline-formula"><i>δ</i>¹⁸</span>O values (indicating dry conditions) and a high-pressure system over the North Atlantic. …”
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Assessment of a youth climate empowerment program: Climate READY by R. L. Wellman, A. Henderson, R. Coleman, C. Hill, B. T. Davey

“…It was developed by the Florida Atlantic University Pine Jog Environmental Education Center (FAU Pine Jog) and funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Environmental Literacy Program. …”
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The high-resolution global shipping emission inventory by the Shipping Emission Inventory Model (SEIM) by W. Yi, X. Wang, T. He, H. Liu, Z. Luo, Z. Lv, K. He

“…Concerning the major air pollutants and greenhouse gases, global ships emitted <span class="inline-formula">847.2×10⁶</span> t of CO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>, <span class="inline-formula">2.3×10⁶</span> t of SO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>, <span class="inline-formula">16.1×10⁶</span> t of NO<span class="inline-formula">_<i>x</i></span>, 791.2 kt of CO, 737.3 kt of HC (hydrocarbon), 415.5 kt of primary PM<span class="inline-formula">_2.5</span>, 61.6 kt of BC (black carbon), 210.3 kt of CH<span class="inline-formula">₄</span>, and 45.1 kt of N<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>O in 2021, accounting for 3.2 % of SO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span>, 14.2 % of NO<span class="inline-formula">_<i>x</i></span>, and 2.3 % of CO<span class="inline-formula">₂</span> emissions from all global anthropogenic sources, based on the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). …”
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Correction of ERA5 temperature and relative humidity biases by bivariate quantile mapping for contrail formation analysis by K. Wolf, K. Wolf, N. Bellouin, N. Bellouin, O. Boucher, S. Rohs, Y. Li

“…We compare ERA5 output of temperature and relative humidity in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere with 5 years of In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) observations over the North Atlantic. Good agreement was found for the temperature fields, with a maximum bias of <span class="inline-formula">−</span>0.4 K (200 hPa level), while larger biases were found for relative humidity of up to <span class="inline-formula">−</span>5.5 % (250 hPa level). …”
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Germany-Iran Relations in Political-Military Sphere: The Impossible Unlocking of Potential? by V. S. Мirzekhanov, Ph. O. Trunov

“…According to the authors, this is a significantly expanded formula of 2015. In addition to maintaining the JCPOA and mutually beneficial growth in trade and economic cooperation, this formula includes:– minimizing the threat of a military conflict against Iran (which has become especially important after the assassination of General Qasem Soleimani on January 3, 2020);– in exchange for this clear limitation of Iran’s influence in Lebanon, Syria, Iraq and Yemen.…”
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Sample size calculations based on day-to-day variability of stress biomarkers in persons with dementia and their family caregivers by Azita Emami, Jeehye Jun, Gabriella Engström, Lars Berglund, Töres Theorell

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