Ensemble genetic and CNN model-based image classification by enhancing hyperparameter tuning by Wajahat Hussain, Muhammad Faheem Mushtaq, Mobeen Shahroz, Urooj Akram, Ehab Seif Ghith, Mehdi Tlija, Tai-hoon Kim, Imran Ashraf

“…The convolutional neural network (CNN) model is combined with a genetic algorithm GA) using stacking based on the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset to enhance efficiency and prediction rate on image classification. The GA optimizes the number of layers, kernel size, learning rates, dropout rates, and batch sizes of the CNN model to improve the accuracy and performance of the model. …”
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Carbon taxation in Europe by A. V. Korytin, N. S. Kostrykina, T. A. Malinina

“…In Sweden and Switzerland the excise rate is in direct proportion to the carbon content of the fuel, however in the UK, Norway and France excise rates are set more voluntary. …”
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Impact of monthly air pollution and weather conditions on cardiorespiratory mortality in Portuguese Metropolitan Areas by Ediclê de Souza Fernandes Duarte, Paulo Sérgio Lucio, Lígia Henriques-Rodrigues, Maria João Costa

“…Monthly analyses reveal regional patterns and seasonal variations. The results show that PMA had a higher average CARDIO rate (202.94 [Deaths per 100 000]) compared to LMA (169.70 [Deaths per 100 000]). …”
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Divergent confidence intervals among pre-specified analyses in the HiSTORIC stepped wedge trial: An exploratory post-hoc investigation. by Richard A Parker, Catriona Keerie, Christopher J Weir, Atul Anand, Nicholas L Mills

“…Divergence was particularly acute for the safety endpoint, which had an event rate of 0.36% overall. Examining the raw data was particularly helpful to assess the sensitivity of the results to small changes in event rates and identify patterns in the data.…”
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Paediatric Measles in Romania: A Comparative Clinical and Epidemiological Analysis of the 2017–2019 and 2023–2024 Epidemic Waves at a Tertiary Care Centre in Bucharest by Gheorghiță Jugulete, Mădălina Maria Merișescu, Bianca Borcos, Alexandra Nicoleta Totoianu, Anca Oana Dragomirescu

“…A retrospective analysis evaluated mortality rates, distribution by age and sex, as well as clinical disease patterns. …”
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Unpacking Violence: Examining Socioeconomic, Psychological, and Genetic Drivers of Gun-Related Homicide and Potential Solutions by John Menezes, Kavita Batra

“…African Americans experienced homicide rates of 23.1 per 100,000, ten times the rate among Whites. …”
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Vehicle Trajectory Reconstruction Method for Urban Arterial Roads Based on Multi-Source Data Fusion by Zhanhang Shi, Dong Guo, Lili Bian, Yvbin Liu, Bin Zhou, Feng Sun

“…However, due to the low penetration rate of probe vehicles and the limited coverage of fixed sensors, it remains challenging to obtain comprehensive full-sample vehicle trajectory data. …”
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Cost–consequence analysis of COPD treatment according to NICE and GOLD recommendations compared with current clinical practice in the UK by Jennifer K Quint, Helene Vioix, Toby Capstick, Sue Langham, Jennifer Cook, Antony Wright, Shamika de Silva

“…Objectives The objective of this study was to model the clinical and economic impact of adapting current clinical practice in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to treatment according to national and international guideline recommendations.Design Treatment mapping was undertaken to hypothetically redistribute patients from current clinical practice, representing actual prescribing patterns in the UK, to an alternative recommendation-based treatment scenario, representing prescribing in accordance with either National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance [NG115] or Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2020 strategy.Setting Primary care practices in the UK (1-year time horizon).Participants Adults with COPD undergoing long-acting inhaler maintenance therapy in the UK (N=1 067,531).Interventions Inhaler maintenance therapy.Outcome measures Costs and clinical outcomes (type of treatment, rates of moderate and/or severe exacerbations, and mild-to-moderate and/or severe pneumonia events) were modelled for the two alternative pathways.Results Compared with current clinical practice, treating patients according to NICE guidance resulted in an estimated annual reduction in expenditure of £46.9 million, and an estimated annual reduction in expenditure of over £43.7 million when patients were treated according to GOLD 2020 strategy. …”
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Estimation of active surface deformation using PSInSAR technique of the Central Himalayan region by Girish Ch. Kothyari, Rakesh K. Dumka, Khayingshing Luirei, Raj Sunil Kandregula, Ajay Kumar Taloor, Kapil Malik, Achla Joshi, Atul K. Patidar, Uday Bhan

“…However, the deformation patterns and high-velocity rates in the central part of the study area between MT and MCT indicate the accumulation of high stress.…”
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Deep Learning-Assisted Discovery of Analogy-Inspired Designs within Peter Collins' Analogical Architectural Design Classification Framework by Hüseyin Özdemir

“…It was observed that adjustments in the learning rate parameter balanced classification accuracy and training time; lower learning rates reduced accuracy while extending training time. …”
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Quantifying Aspect‐Dependent Snowpack Response to High‐Elevation Wildfire in the Southern Rocky Mountains by Wyatt Reis, Daniel McGrath, Kelly Elder, Stephanie Kampf, David Rey

“…During the ablation period, burned south melt rates were 71% faster than unburned south melt rates, whereas burned north melt rates were 94% faster than unburned north aspects. …”
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Trends in incidence, prevalence, and mortality of non-communicable diseases in Iraq (2003–2021) by Mohammed Merzah

“…Abstract Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major public health concern in Iraq, playing a significant role in the country’s morbidity and mortality rates. To offer a thorough overview of the patterns and the overall impact of NCDs on public health, this study aims to map the trends in the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of NCDs in Iraq between 2003 and 2021. …”
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Spatiotemporal Analysis of Disease Spread Using a Soliton-Based SIR Framework for Nomadic Populations by Qura Tul Ain, Xiaoli Qiang, Noor Ul Ain, Zheng Kou

“…Numerical simulations demonstrate the effects of varying key parameters such as transmission rates, recovery rates, and advection–diffusion coefficients on the epidemic’s progression. …”
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FST and genetic diversity in an island model with background selection. by Asad Hasan, Michael C Whitlock

“…The theory of background selection may be split into two regimes: the background selection regime, where selection pressures are strong and mutation rates are sufficiently low such that deleterious alleles are at a deterministic mutation-selection balance, and the interference selection regime, where selection pressures are weak and mutation rates are sufficiently high that deleterious alleles accumulate and interfere with another, leading to selective interference. …”
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Variation in thermal physiology can drive the temperature-dependence of microbial community richness by Tom Clegg, Samraat Pawar

“…Here, we derive a general empirically-grounded theory that can explain this phenomenon by linking microbial species richness in competitive communities to variation in the temperature-dependence of their interaction and growth rates. Specifically, the shape of the microbial community temperature-richness relationship depends on how rapidly the strength of effective competition between species pairs changes with temperature relative to the variance of their growth rates. …”
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Parasite spatial distribution shapes parasite aggregation on host populations, but not at high parasite density by Chris Wojan, Allison K. Shaw, Meggan E. Craft

“…Our work suggests that fine‐scale spatial patterns of parasites can play a strong role in shaping how hosts are parasitized, particularly when parasite density is low‐to‐moderate and recovery rates are slow.…”
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Identifying the evolutionary building blocks of the cardiac conduction system. by Bjarke Jensen, Bastiaan J D Boukens, Alex V Postma, Quinn D Gunst, Maurice J B van den Hoff, Antoon F M Moorman, Tobias Wang, Vincent M Christoffels

“…The endothermic state of mammals and birds requires high heart rates to accommodate the high rates of oxygen consumption. …”
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Association of pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with continued breastfeeding until 6 months postpartum in Japanese women: the Japan Environment and Childre... by Hidekuni Inadera, Kenta Matsumura, Takashi Yoda, Takashi Nakano, Haruka Kasamatsu, Kanako Shimada, Akiko Tsuchida, the Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group

“…In underweight women, both insufficient and excessive GWG were associated with higher rates of non-EBF type-II. In normal-weight women, insufficient and excessive GWG were associated with higher rates of non-EBF type-II. …”
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Comparison of Morphological, Virulence, and Antifungal Susceptibility Characteristics Within Aspergillus Lentulus by Wang X, Gao C, Yusufu A, Nuermaimait X, Abliz P

“…Virulence experiments demonstrated that all A. lentulus isolates successfully infected G. mellonella larvae and exhibited concentration- and time-dependent survival patterns. Clinical isolates consistently showed significantly lower larval survival rates than the environmental isolates at all infection concentrations. …”
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Trajectory of breastfeeding among Chinese women and risk prediction models based on machine learning: a cohort study by Yi Liu, Jie Xiang, Ping Yan, Yuanqiong Liu, Peng Chen, Yujia Song, Jianhua Ren

“…Results Of the 3307 women recruited, 3175 completed the surveys, yielding a 96% effective response rate. Breastfeeding(BF) rates were observed at 100%, 96%,93% and 83% at discharge, 42 day, 3 month and 6 month postpartum, respectively. …”
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