Protocol for the establishment and characterization of lung tumoroids from surgical resection without the use of Matrigel by Federico Donà, Silvia Erratico, Luigi Maria Terracciano, Debora Brascia, Emanuela Re Cecconi, Veronica Maria Giudici, Paola Bossi, Charlotte K.Y. Ng, Giuseppe Marulli, Salvatore Piscuoglio

“…Summary: Organoids are vital for studying cancer mechanisms and treatment resistance, but their growth usually depends on costly, animal-derived Matrigel. Here, we present a protocol for expanding and maintaining lung-derived organoids without the need for Matrigel. …”
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WebTrace: An enhanced system for remote user interaction tracking and analysis in web applications by Jiseung Pyun, Min Heo, Yehui Choe, Jongwook Jeong

“…By simplifying participation and supporting thorough analysis, WebTrace reduces the overall costs of usability testing while improving both time and resource management.…”
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Determination of technical and economic parameters of an ionic transport membrane air separation unit working in a supercritical power plant by Kotowicz Janusz, Michalski Sebastian, Balicki Adrian

“…In addition, they were compared with investment costs for the entire oxy-type power plant.…”
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Power, Market and social system Complexity: Theoretical Model of Financial and Management Mechanism by E. V. Balatsky, N. A. Ekimova

“…The article considers the influence of the complexity of the social system on the growth of financial costs for the maintenance of the central management system. …”
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Integrating silver diamine fluoride into school-based oral health programs: A pilot study by Carrie Godes, Lisa Westhoff, Tamarinda Barry Godín, Ryan Richard Ruff

“…Results: Following training and implementation, the Smiles For Students program saw a 23 % increase in the number of patients served, a 53 % decrease in the per-child treatment time, a 45 % decrease in labor costs despite increased enrollment, and a 24 % decrease in supply costs. …”
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Comparing the Effect of Public and Private Health Expenditures on the Health Status of D-8 Countries by Sepideh Arab, Ebrahim Ghaed, Atefeh Mazinani

“…It can be argued that increasing public health care costs can significantly improve health and accelerate development goals to reduce infant mortality in these countries.Originality/Value: The present study showed that public health costs in this group of countries have a more significant effect than other model variables in reducing neonatal mortality, which could be a vital factor in improving health states and even the distribution of resources…”
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Continuous absorbable suture versus interrupted permanent suture in the treatment of diastasis of the rectus abdominis muscle by Leandro Fuchs, Daniele Walter Duarte, Vanessa Gaissler

“…The PDS used in the continuous suture implied higher costs than those with the nylon threads used in the interrupted suture. …”
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ANALYSIS OF GENERAL PLOW BODY TRACTIVE RESISTANCE by A. Yu. Izmaylov, A. A. Artyushin, N. E. Evtyushenkov, G. S. Bisenov, V. F. Rozhin, D. N. Kynev

“…Introduction of a system activity with use of modern satellite technologies allows to lower transportation costs, to increase efficiency of use of agricultural machinery. …”
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A quantitative systems pharmacology approach, incorporating a novel liver model, for predicting pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. by Mohammed H Cherkaoui-Rbati, Stuart W Paine, Peter Littlewood, Cyril Rauch

“…The model presented herein may reduce costs and the use of laboratory animals and give the opportunity to explore different clinical scenarios, which reduce the risk of adverse events, prior to costly human clinical studies.…”
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Аnаlysis of Potеntiаl, Struсturе, Dynаmiсs of Dеvеlopmеnt of Kаzаkhstаn’s Sсiеnсе by D. M. Mussayeva, G. Zh. Alibekova, Medeni Tunc, M. I. Dabylova

“…While there are several problems in the field of social sciences and humanities in Kazakhstan: the tendency to reduce the sphere of social sciences, a low proportion of highly qualified personnel in the humanities, a low material and technical base of social and humanitarian research, which is manifested in a high share of labor costs. Positive trends in the growth of costs for R&D, the development of the entrepreneurial sector of science, as well as negative trends in reducing costs for medical sciences were revealed. …”
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No effect of carrying a leg-loop harness mounted radio transmitter on flight energy expenditure of a small migratory songbird by Greg W Mitchell, Morag Dick, Alexander Macmillan, Christopher G Guglielmo

“…Future studies should examine how VHF radio transmitters and other devices of different masses, shapes, and mounting techniques affect flight ability and energy costs across bird species varying in body size and wing morphology.…”
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Practical DU-CU Placement in an Enhanced Mobile BroadBand Request During 5G Traffic by Ange Joel Nounga Njanda, Joao Filipe Muchanga, Hojjat Baghban, Karcius Day R. Assis

“…This modular segmentation directly impacts deployment costs and energy consumption. In this study, we propose a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model to minimize the deployment costs of DU and CU functions while considering network performance metrics and resource constraints in the context of enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services. …”
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Optimization Technique for Renewable Energy Storage Systems for Power Quality Analysis with Connected Grid by R. Senthil Kumar, B. V. S. Acharyulu, P. K. Dhal, Richa Adlakha, Sonu Kumar, C. Saravanan, Krishna Bikram Shah

“…The goal of the multiobjective optimization dispatch (MOOD) problem is to lower overall operational costs as well as the costs associated with power loss in efficient conservation systems and exhaust emission quantities such as nitrogen oxides, sulphur dioxide, and carbon dioxide. …”
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Deep Learning based Models for Drug-Target Interactions by Ali K. Abdul Raheem, Ban N. Dhannoon

“… The typical drug development approach is slow, costly, and fraught with failure - scientists examine millions of compounds, but only a few make it to preclinical or clinical testing. …”
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Utilizing Artificial Intelligence to Solve Construction Site Layout Planning Problems by Pham Vu Hong Son, To Dieu Lam

“…Solve the problem of arranging facilities on the ground (CLSP) to minimize the workflow, save operating costs of construction projects.…”
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Scheme for Processing Mainline Gas at Gas Distribution Stations Using Regenerative Heat Exchangers by Baranov A.Yu., Kravchenko Yu.A., Kravchenko D.V., Baranov M.V.

“…The aim of the work is to reduce energy costs at a small-scale natural gas liquefaction plant. …”
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Evolutionary game analysis of Arctic shipping black carbon emission reduction strategies based on government regulation and port fee differential policies by Xinli Qi, Zhenfu Li, Yiran Zhang, Qiqi Zhang, Chunrui Song

“…On the contrary, high technology costs will weaken their enthusiasm and may cause the government to turn to passive regulation due to regulatory costs and delayed market response. …”
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Offshore Optical-wireless Integrated Access Network Deployment Algorithm based on MHA-MAD by LI Xuehua, XI Tong, WANG Xin, HUANG Xiang

“…These challenges include high deployment costs, substantial path losses, and harsh underwater conditions. …”
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AI-Enhanced Nonlinear Predictive Control for Smart Greenhouses: A Performance Comparison of Forecast and Warm-Start Strategies by Hung Linh Le, Van-Tung Bui

“…Performance metrics included final biomass, constraint violations, resource costs, profit, and solver time. Results show that feedback-only controllers maximize yield and profit, incurring higher CO₂ costs but lower heating costs, alongside greater constraint violations compared to the predictive strategies. …”
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Socio-economic aspects of medical errors and their consequences in medical organizations by O. L. Zadvornaya, Yu. E. Voskanyan, I. B. Shikina, K. N. Borisov

“…Medical errors and adverse events are a global problem of strategic importance, accompanied by economic costs that impose a burden on the health care system, the country's economy and society as a whole. …”
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