Environmental judicature and firm productivity: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment. by Xiaoqi Huang, Wenbo Yao, Zhi Cao

“…Our findings show that environmental courts will reduce firm productivity in the short term, chiefly owing to the increased environmental violation costs, environmental reputation costs and environmental compliance costs. …”
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The Development of Residential Areas on the Example of Łuków: Reurbanization and Suburbanization by Rafał Fornal, Artur Myna

“…Suburbanization results in social costs and high costs of provision of technical and social infrastructure. …”
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Energy and economic benefits from economies of scale in intercity freight transportation by Philip Krammer, Andreas W. Schäfer

“…Abstract Since the beginning of motorization, intercity freight transportation modes have carried an ever-increasing load and experienced a nearly continuous decline in average unit costs and energy intensity. Using a unique dataset, we demonstrate the tight, inverse relationships between the average load carried with average transport unit costs and energy intensity, which are invariant across mode, space, and time, for the countries and time periods considered. …”
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Barriers to Blockchain Technology Implementation in Small and Medium-Sized Logistics Enterprises by Quy-Thuan Bui, Son-Tung Le

“…Blockchain has the potential to enhance supply chain efficiency, increase transparency, and reduce operational costs. However, small and medium-sized logistics enterprises (SMEs) face significant challenges in adopting this technology. …”
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Hydraulic fracturing radioactive source tracing technology based on hydraulic fracturing tracing mechanics model by Pang Yang, Song Yushou, Pan Qun, Zhao Lin

“…In the examination of economic and environmental benefits, it is found that the model proposed by the research reduces labor expenditure costs to 292,000 yuan, equipment costs to 392,000 yuan, chemical supplies costs to 217,000 yuan, and maintenance costs to 98,000 yuan, but the revenue increases to 1.34 million yuan, and environmental satisfaction reaches 81.4%. …”
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Double layered expansion planning for virtual power plants considering virtual energy storage systems by Jianghai Ma, Xuanwen Gu, Yao Zhang, Jinming Gu, Wenjie Luo, Feng Gao

“…To address the constraints imposed by high costs of conventional physical energy storage in virtual power plant planning, a bi-level expansion planning model incorporating virtual energy storage systems is proposed. …”
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Landslide susceptibility assessment using lightweight dense residual network with emphasis on deep spatial features by Shenghua Xu, Zhuolu Wang, Jiping Liu, Xinrui Ma, Tingting Zhou, Qing Tang

“…To minimize computational costs, we design a depthwise separable residual module that optimizes traditional convolution on residual branches into depthwise separable convolution. …”
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Universal energy efficiency analysis models for integrated energy systems supporting multiple scenarios by LILI YAO, LIANGWU XU, ZENGXU ZHAO

“…The proposed models significantly reduced IEMS construction costs, with an average reduction of 63% in labor costs.…”
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Progress and Challenges in the Process of Using Solid Waste as a Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis by Zhaolin Dong, Kaili Dong, Haotian Li, Liangyi Zhang, Yitong Wang

“…Biodiesel, as one of the alternatives to fossil fuels, faces significant challenges in large-scale industrial production due to its high production costs. In addition to raw material costs, catalyst costs are also a critical factor that cannot be overlooked. …”
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Immune response in a wild bird is predicted by oxidative status, but does not cause oxidative stress. by Dominic L Cram, Jonathan D Blount, Jennifer E York, Andrew J Young

“…The immune system provides vital protection against pathogens, but extensive evidence suggests that mounting immune responses can entail survival and fecundity costs. The physiological mechanisms that underpin these costs remain poorly understood, despite their potentially important role in shaping life-histories. …”
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Optimizing Pharmaceutical Inventory and Investment Strategies During Pandemics: A Dynamic Approach Integrating Environmental Emission Rates and Advanced Optimization Algorithms by Vinita Dwivedi, Mamta Keswani, Uttam Kumar Khedlekar, Lalji Kumar

“…The study addresses a complex replenishment problem involving joint pricing, environmental costs, order costs, preservation technology, and replenishment schedules for non-instantaneous deteriorating items, aiming to maximize retailer's profit. …”
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Clinical efficacy of laparoscopic cholecystectomy combined with percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage in severe acute cholecystitis: an analysis of prognostic risk factors by Lexiang Chen, Mingfu Hu, Shanhu Huang, Yi Sun

“…However, the joint group incurred higher surgical costs, total hospitalization costs, and medication costs than the LC group (P < 0.05). …”
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Condition optimization for organizing the operation of connected trains on an ongoing basis on the Trans-Siberian Railway of the Eastern operational range of the railway network by M. I. Mekhedov, E. A. Sotnikov, P. S. Kholodnyak, D. A. Kursin, N. V. Kornienko

“…It is shown that the minimization of costs is ensured by the sequential (flow) execution of these operations. …”
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CLINICAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF LACOSAMIDE IN PATIENTS WITH PARTIAL EPILEPSY by E. A. Pyadushkina, M. Yu. Frolov

“…The Model allows calculation of the direct medical costs (for the drugs and medical services) and direct non-medical costs (payment of temporary and permanent disability allowances) from the point of view of healthcare and social security system of a constituent member of the Russian Federation. …”
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Maternal and neonatal outcomes following preterm birth: a retrospective cohort study by James Li, Matthew Davis, Kara M Rood, Vanessa Perez Patel, Eric Zuk, Damien Croft, Hyagriv N Simhan

“…Background Preterm births (PTBs) and associated costs in the USA are a public health concern. This study evaluated maternal and neonatal hospital-based outcomes, resource use and costs during delivery and up to 30 days postdischarge following PTB.Methods This study was conducted in the USA among individuals who delivered at ≥23 weeks gestation (1 January 2016–30 September 2021) captured in the Premier AI Healthcare Database. …”
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Impact of COVID-19 infection on social care use in people over 50 years of age: a matched cohort study in North-West London by Jennifer K Quint, Rachel Russell, Benjamin Bray, SIMON CHEN, Alejandra Castanon, Elizabeth Adesanya, Rebecca Butfield

“…Adults with COVID-19 had over four times higher social care costs than matched comparators (£1276 per person per year (pppy) vs £276 pppy; mean difference +£1000, 95% CI £947 to £1054, p<0.0001), with most of the costs due to care home admissions. …”
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Two-stage coordinated energy scheduling of intelligent connected transportation systems considering nonanticipativity by Junjie Hu, Jun Wu, Chengming Xu, Xuetao Liu, Baozhu Liu

“…In the day-ahead stage, the model aims to minimize interconnection costs, electricity purchase costs, and wind/solar curtailment costs under representative scenarios. …”
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Infrastructure Lifecycle Corrosion Management Using AI Analytics and Digital Twins by Bilal Ayyub, Karl Stambaugh

“…Corrosion in infrastructure creates high-risk scenarios, and mitigation strategies are expensive, with significant annual costs globally. This paper advances the discourse of corrosion monitoring and tracking in infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of data analytics, AI, and Digital Twins (DT) for managing the infrastructure lifecycle while reducing risk and costs associated with corrosion. …”
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Model for Evaluating Outsourcing Logistics Companies in the COVID-19 Pandemic by Cheng-An Tsai, Tien-Hwa Ho, Jyh-Shyan Lin, Chien-Chih Tu, Che-Wei Chang

“…The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the world’s manufacturing industry, particularly in terms of the continued increase in logistics costs that has led to an increase in business operating costs. …”
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Systematic Prioritization of Sensor Improvements in an Industrial Gas Supply Network by Onur Babat, Ali Esmaili, Joshua D. Isom, Camilo Mancilla, Luis F. Zuluaga

“…The paper analyzes the impact of the sensor reading errors on parameters that affect the production costs of a leading US industrial gas supply company. …”
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