Reforming Drug Price Regulation: Using Tools That Work by Deborah Williams MS, Steven C. Zima MBA, Brian J. Miller MD, MBA, MPH

“…Drug pricing reform to increase affordability has historically relied on increases in regulation often with a focus on administrative pricing for public programs in order to try to lower drug costs. This paper examines the consequences of this strategy, pointing out that regulated prices fail to drive affordability, create unintended, hidden costs to the system, and drive demand for a body of ever-growing regulatory interventions to address shortfalls created by prior policies. …”
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An Intelligent System for Management of Medical Equipment Maintenance by Abbas Izadi, Mohamad Amin Bakhshali, Hadi Ghasemifard, Omid Sarrafzadeh

“…This improves equipment availability and reliability, reduces maintenance costs, and ensures that spare parts are available when needed without incurring excessive inventory costs.Conclusion:Overall, the proposed intelligent system for managing medical equipment maintenance is an effective solution for healthcare facilities to optimize maintenance operations, reduce costs, and ensure patient safety.…”
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Spatiotemporal-Dependent Vehicle Routing Problem Considering Carbon Emissions by Ziqi Liu, Yeping Chen, Jian Li, Dongqing Zhang

“…Then, we establish a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model with minimum distribution costs including transportation costs, carbon emissions costs, and penalty costs on earliness and tardiness. …”
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The use of big data on the labor market in HR business processes of organizations in the Republic of Belarus by Alena V. Vankevich, Iryna N. Kalinouskaya

“…The growing volume of information about the labor market in the context of economy digitalization, on the one hand, and the increasing transaction costs associated with the recruiting, hiring and dismissing workers due to the mismatch between their skills and the employer requirements on the other hand highlight the need to develop tools for the efficient collection, processing and analysis of data contained in the description of vacancies and resumes posted on online portals. …”
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Perspectives of integration of educational disciplines «Informational Networks and Systems» and «Bibliology» for students of specialty 51.03.06 Library and Information Activities... by J. V. Gushul, A. V. Mikhailova

“…Analyzed its possibilities: layout choices, themes, host to host, the connection widgets, posting links to other resources, etc. - for the acquisition of information technology-librarians students. …”
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Use of Super Absorbent Polymers with Euonymus Plants (Euonymus japonicus ‘Aureomarginatus’) in Ornamental Plant Cultivation by Gül Yücel, İdris Karagöz

“…The use of SAP in Euonymus japonicus ‘Aureomarginatus’ cultivation reduced water use by 45% on average and labor costs by 48% on average. It was observed that SAP can be used in ornamental plant cultivation and will decrease production costs.…”
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Florida Avocado Production and Profitability Analysis by Edward A. Evans

“… This article provides an estimate of the costs and returns associated with avocado production in Miami-Dade County and a brief analysis of the profitability of the industry. …”
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Florida Avocado Production and Profitability Analysis by Edward A. Evans

“… This article provides an estimate of the costs and returns associated with avocado production in Miami-Dade County and a brief analysis of the profitability of the industry. …”
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Women and Money: Unique Issues – Money and the Family by Lynda Spence, Martie Gillen, Diann Douglas

“…Ask any parent and he or she will tell you — it costs money to raise children. Taking into account inflation, a middle-income family may spend more than $295,000 to raise a child born in 2011 to the age of 17. …”
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Women and Money: Unique Issues – Money and the Family by Lynda Spence, Martie Gillen, Diann Douglas

“…Ask any parent and he or she will tell you — it costs money to raise children. Taking into account inflation, a middle-income family may spend more than $295,000 to raise a child born in 2011 to the age of 17. …”
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Comparison of contact tracing methods: A modelling study by Joanna X.R. Tan, Lalitha Kurupatham, Zubaidah Said, Jeremy Chan, Kelvin Bryan Tan, Marc Ho, Vernon Lee, Alex R. Cook

“…Extended tracing reduced transmission by 50 % but costed the most, while forward tracing reduced transmission by 46 %. …”
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Effects of animal-assisted therapy on dental anxiety, behavior, and perceptions in young pediatric patients: a blinded randomized controlled trial by Grace Kapov, Kasey Linton, Christopher Gatewood, Chuwen Liu, Timothy Strauman, Eric Hodges, Christina Graves, Caroline Sawicki, Di Wu, Kimon Divaris, Laura Anne Jacox

“…Pharmacological methods of anxiety management are costly, carry risks of adverse outcomes, and may not be acceptable to some families. …”
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PROFIT AND PROFITABILITY OF THE COMMERCIAL COMPANIES DEALING WITH DAIRY FARMING by Agatha POPESCU, Alina MARCUTA, Cristina TINDECHE, Carmen ANGELESCU, Liviu MARCUTA

“…The F test confirmed that the linear regression models attested that costs have an influence on net profit. However, only in case of C5 and C2, the variation of net profit was caused by total costs in a higher proportion than 50%, and in case of C4 and C1 with about 31 %. …”
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The impact of temporal hydrogen regulation on hydrogen exporters and their domestic energy transition by Leon Schumm, Hazem Abdel-Khalek, Tom Brown, Falko Ueckerdt, Michael Sterner, Maximilian Parzen, Davide Fioriti

“…We find substantial co-benefits of domestic carbon dioxide mitigation and hydrogen exports, whereby exports can reduce market-based costs for domestic electricity consumers while mitigation reduces costs for hydrogen exporters. …”
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Optimization of external container delivery and pickup scheduling based on appointment mechanism. by Pengfei Huang, Hao Wang, Fangjiao Tan, Yuyue Jiang, Jinfen Cai

“…Therefore, this study aims to minimize truck companies' operational costs by establishing an optimization model for external truck scheduling. …”
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North American Integration after 20 Years by G. M. Kostyunina

“…Other costs are the differentiation in the levels of economic development, in volumes of overall GDP and per capita, population and size of the territory. …”
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Installation for maintaining the operating temperature of electrolytes when restoring machine parts with electroplated coatings by A. N. Kotomchin, A. F. Sinelnikov

“…The use of electroplating in the production and restoration of machine parts is important for increasing reliability and reducing costs in the operation of cars. At the same time, strengthening and restoring parts with chrome, iron and alloys based on them leads to additional costs, due to the specifics of technologies and the need to maintain certain operating temperatures of electrolytes to obtain high-quality and high-performance precipitation. …”
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Why do Chinese migrant workers return? Exploring economic push-pull factors and emotional ties. by Qiong Zhou, Zhe Huang, Lining Zeng, Jun Xu

“…This model investigates how perceived benefits, trust, costs, and both personal and government support affect migrant workers' willingness to return. …”
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R&D Expenditures and Their Impact on Innovation in the Digital Era: A Kazakhstan Perspective by G. G. Seitkan, P. Karacsony, N. K. Zaitenova, A. Konysbay

“…The article aims to assess the relationship between research and development costs and the level of innovation activity of enterprises in Kazakhstan. …”
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Platform search design with heterogeneous consumers by Junbao Li, Chengying He, Zhanzhong Shi

“…We find that when confronted with higher search costs, naïve consumers tend to assess fewer products and limit the depth of their evaluations. …”
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