Effects of upper-limb aerobic exercise plus general exercise versus general exercise alone among patients with spinal cord injury in northern Nigeria: A protocol for a randomized c... by Fatima Kachalla Gujba, Sonill Sooknunan Maharaj, Aminu Alhassan Ibrahim

“…The outcome of this study could provide valuable guidance for rehabilitation professionals in selecting a low-cost and effective intervention for patients with SCI, particularly in resource-constrained settings.…”
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An improved human evolutionary optimization algorithm for maximizing green hydrogen generation in intelligent energy management system (IEMS) by Metwally Rashad, Mohamed S. Abdellatif, Asmaa H. Rabie

“…Additionally, results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed IEMS in terms of maximizing hydrogen production, minimizing energy costs, and enhancing the overall efficiency and sustainability of the fog computing environment. …”
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Evaluation of antiarrhythmia drug through QSPR modeling and multi criteria decision analysis by Shereen Iqbal, Hifza Iqbal, Muhammad Akhtar Tarar, Muhammad Farhan Hanif, Osman Abubakar Fiidow

“…Our approach combines molecular modeling with decision-making techniques to offer a cost-effective way to understand how these drug molecules behave. …”
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An Ultrasonication-Assisted Green Process for Simultaneous Production of a Bioactive Compound-Rich Extract and a Multifunctional Fibrous Ingredient from Spent Coffee Grounds by Jaquellyne B. M. D. Silva, Mayara T. P. Paiva, Henrique F. Fuzinato, Nathalia Silvestre, Marta T. Benassi, Suzana Mali

“…This technique proved to be a promising eco-friendly alternative for the simultaneous production of two different materials from SCGs, maximizing resource efficiency, with some advantages, including short time, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness; using water as a solvent; and requiring no further purification processing.…”
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Isolation of corporate local area networks using server virtualization by A. K. Blagorazumov, I. G. Kirpichev, D. V. Petrov

“…When highly reliable servers are needed only in one of two independent corporate network segments, the cost of creating such a server cluster is reasonable and fast paying off. …”
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An efficient signature aggregation scheme with antenna hardware implementation for VANETs by A. Priyadharshini, Arun Sekar Rajasekaran, Kalyan Sundar Kola, Arunkumar Balakrishnan, Radha Mohan Pattanayak

“…Conventional signature aggregation schemes have high computational and communication cost limiting real-time efficiency. To overcome this issue, an efficient mutual certificateless anonymous authentication with signature aggregation is presented in this work. …”
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Internet Exchange Points IXPs: The Backbone of Efficient 5G Data Routing by Osman Diriye Hussein, Adam Muhudin

“…The architecture dramatically improves scalability, performance, security, and cost-efficiency by bringing together Software-Defined Networking (SDN), Network Function Virtualization (NFV), and edge computing to enable dynamic and localized traffic management. …”
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Repeated Utilization of Ionic Liquid to Extract Lipid from Algal Biomass by Weizheng Zhou, Zhongming Wang, Md. Asraful Alam, Jingliang Xu, Shunni Zhu, Zhenhong Yuan, Shuhao Huo, Ying Guo, Lei Qin, Longlong Ma

“…It is suggested that the potential of lipid extraction in this IL-methanol co-solvent system is promising due to the high efficiency, low cost, safety, environmental protection, and other characteristics.…”
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The Mooring Optimization and Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the Combined Concept of a 15 MW FOWT with WECs by Yi Yang, Shi Liu, Xinran Guo, Wen Chen, Tao Tao, Hao Wu, Kai Wang

“…To reduce the cost of offshore wind and wave power, an innovative combined wind–wave energy generation system constituting of a 15 MW semi-submersible floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) and four torus-type wave energy converters (WECs) is proposed. …”
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A Monocular Vision-Based Safety Monitoring Framework for Offshore Infrastructures Utilizing Grounded SAM by Sijie Xia, Rufu Qin, Yang Lu, Lianjiang Ma, Zhenghu Liu

“…However, traditional high-precision sensor systems often involve prohibitive costs, and the Automatic Identification System (AIS) faces signal loss or data manipulation problems, highlighting the need for a complementary, affordable, and reliable supplemental solution. …”
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Post-genomic era of CRISPR/Cas technology in ornamental plants: advantages, limitations, and prospects by Ambreena Din, Muneeb Ahmad Wani, Chunlian Jin, Imtiyaz Tahir Nazki, Junren Ma, Fan Li

“…Its faster breeding cycle, lower breeding cost, and higher accuracy show a broader prospect for molecular breeding in the post-genome era. …”
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MultiFG: integrating molecular fingerprints and graph embeddings via attention mechanisms for robust drug side effect prediction by Zuhai Hu, Jinxiang Yang, Linghao Ni, Liyuan Zhang, Bin Peng

“…Abstract Accurate prediction of drug side effect frequencies is critical for drug safety assessment but remains challenging due to the high cost of clinical trials and the limited generalizability of existing models. …”
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Effect of macrophyte vermicompost on growth and productivity of brinjal (Solanum melongena) under field conditions by Ishtiyaq Ahmed Najar, Anisa B. Khan, Abdul Hai

“…Conclusion Macrophyte-based vermicompost is an efficient quality yielder and economy enhancer for sustainable agriculture especially for the communities having vegetable gardens around lakes will benefit by using macrophyte vermicompost, a balanced and low-cost organic fertilizer.…”
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Internet of medical things and trending converged technologies: A comprehensive review on real-time applications by Shiraz Ali Wagan, Jahwan Koo, Isma Farah Siddiqui, Muhammad Attique, Dong Ryeol Shin, Nawab Muhammad Faseeh Qureshi

“…The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) facilitates patients with all-time-connected medical devices through cost-effective solutions and a feeling of comfort with round-the-clock hospital support. …”
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Optimising a closed-loop supply chain inventory system with product, material, and energy recoveries under different coordination structures by Anindya Rachma Dwicahyani, I Nyoman Pujawan, Erwin Widodo

“…A sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the model's behaviour concerning variations in crucial parameters, including demand, product returns, recycling cost, post-consumer recycled content, and energy recoverable item rate. …”
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Evaluation of Two-Wheel Tractor Fuel Consumption Rates During Direct Seeding of Sorghum and Pearl Millet in Sandy and Clayey Soils by Tinashe Madzivanzira, Brighton M. Mvumi, Raymond M. Nazare, Elijah Nyakudya, Florence Mtambanengwe, Paul Mapfumo

“…Fuel consumption data are also important in calculating the cost of using machinery to carry out operations and to estimate the contribution of agricultural machinery to greenhouse gas emissions. …”
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Predicting flavonoid physicochemical properties using topological indices and regression modeling by Huili Li, Shamaila Yousaf, Komal Shahzadi, Sobhy M. M. Ibrahim, Adnan Aslam, Guoping Zhang, Keneni Abera Tola

“…The methodology offers a cost-effective tool for prioritizing bioactive flavonoids in drug discovery, validated by strong agreement between predicted and experimental values for external compounds (e.g., Procyanidin B2: molar refractivity RMSE $$= 10.56\, \rm{cm}^3$$ ). …”
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Systemic immune-inflammation index and postoperative sleep disturbance in elderly patients with total joint arthroplasty: A prospective cohort study by Hao Guo, Hao Wang, Fei Xiao, Yu-Bo Xie

“…Given that SII is derived from routine blood tests, it represents a cost-effective and accessible biomarker for PSD risk stratification. …”
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Residual capsule network with threshold convolution and attention mechanism for forest fire detection using UAV imagery by Soufiane Ben Othman, Obaid Ali

“…With early detection (3.2 s faster than YOLOv3), a 0.1% false alarm rate, and fire intensity estimation (MAE 0.15), this model demonstrates its potential as a reliable, real-time solution for wildfire mitigation, despite challenges like higher computational cost (12 s inference, 15W power), paving the way for future optimizations and broader deployment.…”
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A Hierarchical Evolutionary Search Framework with Manifold Learning for Powertrain Optimization of Flying Vehicles by Chenghao Lyu, Nuo Lei, Chaoyi Chen, Hao Zhang

“…The co-optimization aims to minimize fuel consumption, battery state-of-health (SOH) degradation, and manufacturing costs while satisfying dynamic and energy management constraints. …”
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