An Effective <i>Agrobacterium</i>-Mediated Transient Transformation System for Studying the Lead-Tolerance Genes in <i>Hydrangea</i> by Rong Cong, Liang Shi, Bing Zhao

“…<i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transient transformation overcomes the drawbacks of stabilized genetic transformation, such as long cycle, low efficiency, and high cost. In this study, an <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated method was adopted. …”
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Carbon Nanodots-Based Sensors: A Promising Tool for Detecting and Monitoring Toxic Compounds by Duyen H. H. Nguyen, Arjun Muthu, Tamer Elsakhawy, Mohamed H. Sheta, Neama Abdalla, Hassan El-Ramady, József Prokisch

“…This review emphasizes the transformative potential of CNDs in achieving rapid, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly toxin detection solutions across multiple domains.…”
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Trends, Advances, and Future Directions in Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle Performance: A Bibliometric Analysis Using the PAGER Framework by Yusuf Dewantoro Herlambang, Nanang Apriandi, Komang Metty Trisna Negara, Rani Raharjanti, Lily Maysari Angraini, Abdul Syukur Alfauzi, Marliyati Marliyati

“…Despite notable technological progress, FCEV adoption faces persistent barriers including high hydrogen production costs, limited infrastructure, and lack of real-world validation. …”
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Multi-Objective Evolution and Swarm-Integrated Optimization of Manufacturing Processes in Simulation-Based Environments by Panagiotis D. Paraschos, Georgios Papadopoulos, Dimitrios E. Koulouriotis

“…Multiple objective functions are formulated to optimize the behavior of the system by reducing the work-in-progress items and improving both cost-effectiveness and service level. To this end, the proposed approach couples the JaamSim-based digital twins with evolutionary and swarm-based algorithms to carry out the multi-objective optimization under varying conditions. …”
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Analyzing Position, Velocity and Acceleration Graphs using Arduino by A. Çoban, R. Salar

“…Within the scope of the study, Arduino UNO and HC-SR04 distance sensors, which are very low cost and easily obtainable, were used in the material development process. …”
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Content oriented 3D-CNN sequence learning architecture for academic activities recognition using a realistic CAD dataset by Muhammad Wasim, Imran Ahmed, Naveed Abbas, Tanzila Saba, Faten S. Alamri, Alex Elyassih, Amjad Rehman

“…Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed 3D-CNN model outperforms other variants, achieving the highest accuracy of 95%, minimum computational cost of 13.3 GFLOPs, and low memory overhead of 18,464 KB. …”
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The evaluation of different combinations of enzyme set, aligner and caller in GBS sequencing of soybean by Aleksei Zamalutdinov, Stepan Boldyrev, Cécile Ben, Laurent Gentzbittel

“…Abstract Background Genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) is a cost-effective method for large-scale genotyping, widely used across various species, particularly those with large genomes. …”
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Optimization of Phytase Production from Rhodotorula mucilaginosa RG-PK20 Using Agricultural Waste by Seprianto, C. C. Y. Utama, V. Melani, P. Handayani, Sukarman

“…However, the phytase-producing gene of the novel yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa RG-PK20 has been constrained by the high cost of traditional substrates such as sodium phytate. …”
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Economic viability and life cycle assessment of levulinic acid and hydrochar production via catalytic hydrothermal process of waste lignocellulosic biomass: A comparison of feedsto... by Kamonwat Nakason, Sanchai Kuboon, Jakkapon Phanthuwongpakdee, Wasawat Kraithong, Anan Jiratanachotikul, Bunyarit Panyapinyopol, Vorapot Kanokkantapong

“…Molasses (ML) yielded the highest LA product, while corn stalk (CS) demonstrated superior economic viability (22.81 % internal rate of return) due to its lower feedstock cost and HC reuse as an energy source. While, ML-based LA had the lowest environmental impact (27.61 kg CO2 eq.…”
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Identification of covalent modifications regulating immune signaling complex composition and phenotype by Annika Frauenstein, Stefan Ebner, Fynn M Hansen, Ankit Sinha, Kshiti Phulphagar, Kirby Swatek, Daniel Hornburg, Matthias Mann, Felix Meissner

“…Our method provides a fast and cost‐effective pipeline for the molecular interrogation of protein communities in diverse biological systems and primary cells.…”
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MTM- and SIW-Inspired Bowtie Antenna Loaded with AMC for 5G mm-Wave Applications by Ayman A. Althuwayb

“…The results confirm that the proposed slotted bowtie antenna with advantages of compact dimension, wide bandwidth, high gain and efficiency, low profile, being cost-effective, simple design, and easy fabrication process, which makes it applicable for mass production, can be a good candidate for 5G millimeter-wave applications.…”
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Hybrid Energy Harvesting Applications of ZnO Nanorods for Future Implantable and Wearable Devices by Kathalingam Adaikalam, Hyun-Seok Kim

“…As ZnO can be synthesized using easy methods and materials at low cost, the conversion efficiencies of solar and other energy forms can increase considerably. …”
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Three-Dimensional Refractivity Model for Atmospheric Mitigation in Distance and Vertical Angle Measurements by Raquel Luján, Luis García-Asenjo, Sergio Baselga

“…The results demonstrate that accurate corrections can be obtained even without the need of meteorological sensors specifically installed at the station point, which makes it more flexible. The 3D-RM is a cost-effective and relatively easy-to-implement solution, offering a promising alternative to existing methodologies, such as measuring meteorological values at both station and target points or the development of new instruments that can compensate the refractivity (such as a multiple-color electronic distance meter).…”
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Assessing the Carasau Bread Doughs Microwave Spectra by Elisabetta Orrù, Matteo B. Lodi, Luca Lodi

“…Dielectric spectroscopy (DS), particularly in the microwave (MW) range, has emerged as a non-destructive, cost-effective tool for food characterization, providing insights into microstructure and composition. …”
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Research on Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Migration Learning Using MSACNN-IJMMD-DANN by Xiaoxu Li, Jiahao Wang, Jianqiang Wang, Jixuan Wang, Qinghua Li, Xuelian Yu, Jiaming Chen

“…To address the problems of feature extraction, cost of obtaining labeled samples, and large differences in domain distribution in bearing fault diagnosis on variable operating conditions, an unsupervised domain-adaptive bearing fault diagnosis method based on migration learning using MSACNN-IJMMD-DANN (multi-scale and attention-based convolutional neural network, MSACNN, improved joint maximum mean discrepancy, IJMMD, domain adversarial neural network, DANN) is proposed. …”
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Research on the Combustion of Mixed Biomass Pellets in a Domestic Boiler by Penka Zlateva, Angel Terziev, Kalin Krumov, Mariana Murzova, Nevena Mileva

“…A market research study is also conducted, revealing that mixed pellets are preferred due to their high calorific value, low cost, and low ash content.…”
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Development of a High-Performance <i>Trichoderma</i> Mutant for Enhanced Cellulase Production Through UV-Induced Random Mutagenesis by Seungjun Kim, Iksu Ha, Yun-Yeong Lee, Junseo Lee, Jeonghee Yun

“…Ultraviolet (UV)-induced mutagenesis is a cost-effective and straightforward technique for introducing random genetic variations without the use of chemical reagents or genetic engineering. …”
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The effect of dance interventions on well-being dimensions in older adults: a systematic review by Ingrid Fonseca, María Rueda, Carlos Cabanzo

“…Due to methodological heterogeneity, a narrative synthesis was performed.Limitations and conclusionsAlthough the results suggest that dance is a promising, low-cost intervention for promoting multidimensional well-being in older adults, several limitations should be noted. …”
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Remote Target High-Precision Global Geolocalization of UAV Based on Multimodal Visual Servo by Xuyang Zhou, Ruofei He, Wei Jia, Hongjuan Liu, Yuanchao Ma, Wei Sun

“…By adjusting the step size and the scale factor of the cost function, we achieve fast accuracy convergence for different UAV reconnaissance modes, while maintaining the geolocation accuracy without divergence even when the laser ranging sensor is turned off for a short period. …”
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Distributional outcomes of urban heat island reduction pathways under climate extremes by Ali Eyni, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Benjamin F. Hobbs, Antonia Hadjimichael, Rui Shi

“…UHI mitigation, however, needs to balance several goals: strategies that maximize temperature reduction or minimize their impacts may not be best for cost effectiveness, carbon emissions, environmental amenities, health impacts, or distributional outcomes. …”
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